tkinter GUI编程

https://dafarry.github.io/tkinterbook/

1. label 和 button（按钮和标签）

• 普通写法

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("1080x720")

var = tk.StringVar()  # 设置变量
on_hit = False


# 功能函数
def hit_me():
    global on_hit
    if not on_hit:
        on_hit = True
        var.set("you hit me!")
    else:
        on_hit = False
        var.set("")


# l = tk.Label(window, text='OMG', bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=15, heigh=2)
l = tk.Label(window, textvariable=var, bg='green', font=('Arial', 12), width=15, heigh=2)  # 设置label
l.pack()     # 放置原件
b = tk.Button(window, text='hit me', width=15, heigh=2, command=hit_me)  # 设置按钮
b.pack()
window.mainloop()  # 主循环刷新页面

• 面向对象写法

import tkinter as tk


class Application(tk.Frame):
    """
    一个经典的GUI程序
    """

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """
        创建组件
        :return:
        """
        self.on_hit = False
        self.var = tk.StringVar()

        # 创建一个label
        label_01 = tk.Label(self, textvariable=self.var, bg='green', fg='black', font=('Arial', 12), width=15, heigh=2)  # 设置label
        label_01.pack()

        label_02 = tk.Label(self, text='天道\n酬勤\n厚德载物', fg='black', font=('黑体', 12), width=15, heigh=3,
                            borderwidth=5, relief="solid", justify='right')     # relief: 3D渲染方式
        label_02.pack()


        # 显示图像
        global photo    # 如果声明为局部变量，笨方法执行之后，图像对象销毁，窗口显示不出来
        photo = tk.PhotoImage(file='img/mm.gif')
        label_03 = tk.Label(image=photo, width=300, heigh=300)
        label_03.pack()

        btn01 = tk.Button(self, width=15, heigh=2)  # btn建立在当前的app之上
        btn01["text"] = "hit me"
        btn01["command"] = self.hit_me
        btn01.pack()

        # 创建一个退出按钮
        btnQuit = tk.Button(self, text="退出", command=root.destroy)
        btnQuit.pack()

    # 功能函数
    def hit_me(self):
        if not self.on_hit:
            self.on_hit = True
            self.var.set("you hit me!")
        else:
            self.on_hit = False
            self.var.set("")


root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("1080x720+100+100")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()

2. Entry 和 Text (文本输入和显示)

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("1080x720")


def insert_point():
    var = e.get()
    t.insert('insert', var)   # 在文本光标位置插入


def insert_end():
    var = e.get()
    # t.insert('end', var)    # 在文本末尾插入
    t.insert(2.1, var)        # 在文本2行3列插入


# e = tk.Entry(window, show='*')
e = tk.Entry(window, show=None)   # 设置文本输入框
e.pack()

b1 = tk.Button(window, text='insert_point', width=15, heigh=2, command=insert_point)  # 设置按钮
b1.pack()

b2 = tk.Button(window, text='insert_end', width=15, heigh=2, command=insert_end)  # 设置按钮
b2.pack()

t = tk.Text(window, height=2)    #设置文本显示框
t.pack()

window.mainloop()              # 主循环刷新页面

tkinter中的Text组件能够显示文本，如何动态显示输出。我的解决方法是使用Text组件的update()方法，因为窗口的刷新需要事件的触发才能刷新，而文本的动态刷新我们只需要把Text对象保存，每次需要插入文本时使用如下的方式来及时更新：

## 格式化输出的字符串
textvar = "Step:%3d,Train_loss:%9g,Train_accuracy: %g" %(itr, loss_train, accuracy_train)
## 插入对应的Text对象中
tebox.insert('insert', textvar+'\n')
插入后及时的更新
tebox.update()

3. Listbox 列表部件 (选项列表 和 光标选择)

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("1080x720")


def print_selection():
    value = lb.get(lb.curselection())    # 获取listbox中光标所在位置的数据
    var1.set(value)


var1 = tk.StringVar()
l = tk.Label(window, bg='yellow', width=4, textvariable=var1)
l.pack()


b1 = tk.Button(window, text='print selection', width=15, heigh=2, command=print_selection)  # 设置按钮
b1.pack()


var2 = tk.StringVar()
var2.set((11,22,33,44))                     # 设置默认变量
lb = tk.Listbox(window,listvariable=var2)   #将默认参数赋值到listbox中
list_items = [1,2,3,4]
for item in list_items:    
    lb.insert('end',item)                   # 在listbox中插入选项
lb.insert(1,  'first')
lb.insert(2,  'second')
lb.delete(2)
lb.pack()


window.mainloop()  # 主循环刷新页面

4. Radiobutton checkButton(选项按钮)

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("1080x720")


def print_selection():
    l.config(text='you have select' + var1.get())


var1 = tk.StringVar()
l = tk.Label(window, bg='yellow', width=20, text='empty')
l.pack()

rb1 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text="Option A", variable=var1, value='A', command=print_selection)
rb1.pack()

rb2 = tk.Radiobutton(window, text="Option B", variable=var1, value='B', command=print_selection)
rb2.pack()

window.mainloop()  # 主循环刷新页面

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox


class Application(tk.Frame):
    """
    一个经典的GUI程序
    """

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """
        创建组件
        :return:
        """
        self.codeHobby = tk.IntVar()
        self.videoHobby = tk.IntVar()

        tk.Checkbutton(root, text="敲代码",
                       variable=self.codeHobby, onvalue=1, offvalue=0, anchor='nw').pack(side='left')
        tk.Checkbutton(root, text="看视频",
                       variable=self.videoHobby, onvalue=1, offvalue=0, anchor='nw').pack(side='left')

        tk.Button(root, text="确定", command=self.confirm, anchor='nw').pack(side='left')

        self.t = tk.Text(root, height=2)
        self.t.pack(side='left')

    # 功能函数
    def confirm(self):
        if self.videoHobby.get() == 1:
            self.t.insert('end', "看视频")
        if self.codeHobby.get() == 1:
            self.t.insert('end', "敲代码")


root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x100")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()

5.Scale 滑动条

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("480x320")


def print_selection(v):
    l.config(text='you have select' + v)
    newFont = ("黑体", v)
    label.config(font=newFont)


var1 = tk.StringVar()
l = tk.Label(window, bg='yellow', width=20, text='empty')
l.pack()

# length代表像素的宽度; orient=tk.HORIZONTAL横向显示；showvalue是否显示滑动条数值，resolution保留小数点位数， tickinterval显示间隔
# s = tk.Scale(window, label='try me', from_=10, to=50, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL,
#              length=200, showvalue=1, tickinterval=2, resolution=0.1, command=print_selection)

s = tk.Scale(window, label='try me', from_=10, to=50, orient=tk.HORIZONTAL,
             length=200, showvalue=1, tickinterval=2, command=print_selection)
s.pack()

label = tk.Label(window, text="滑块控制大小", width=20, height=1, bg="green", fg="black")
label.pack()


window.mainloop()  # 主循环刷新页面

6. Canvas 画布

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title("my window")
window.geometry("1080x720")

canvas = tk.Canvas(window, bg='blue', height=640, width=640)  # 创建画布
image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file='./img/wx.jpg_欧美CG.jpg')  # 加载图片
image = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor='nw', image=image_file)  # 创建图片
rect = canvas.create_rectangle(100, 30, 100 + 50, 30 + 50)  # 创建矩形

canvas.pack()


def moveit():
    canvas.move(rect, 0, 50)  # x移动0，y移动50


b = tk.Button(window, text='move', command=moveit)
b.pack()
window.mainloop()  # 主循环刷新页面

7. menu菜单

• Menu

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title('my window')
window.geometry('200x200')

l = tk.Label(window, text='', bg='yellow')
l.pack()
counter = 0


def do_job():
    global counter
    l.config(text='do ' + str(counter))
    counter += 1


menubar = tk.Menu(window)
filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
menubar.add_cascade(label='File', menu=filemenu)
filemenu.add_command(label='New', command=do_job)
filemenu.add_command(label='Open', command=do_job)
filemenu.add_command(label='Save', command=do_job)
filemenu.add_separator()      # 添加分割线
filemenu.add_command(label='Exit', command=window.quit)  #退出

editmenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
menubar.add_cascade(label='Edit', menu=editmenu)
editmenu.add_command(label='Cut', command=do_job)
editmenu.add_command(label='Copy', command=do_job)
editmenu.add_command(label='Paste', command=do_job)

submenu = tk.Menu(filemenu)
filemenu.add_cascade(label='Import', menu=submenu, underline=0)
submenu.add_command(label="Submenu1", command=do_job)

window.config(menu=menubar)

window.mainloop()

• 设计一个记事本软件：可以新建、打开、保存txt文件，并支持快捷键

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.colorchooser import askcolor
from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter.simpledialog import *


class Application(tk.Frame):
    """
    一个经典的GUI程序
    """

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """
        创建组件
        :return:
        """
        # 創建主菜单栏 menubar
        menubar = tk.Menu(root)

        # 创建子菜单
        menuFile = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
        menuEdit = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)
        menuHelp = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)

        # 将子菜单加入子菜单栏
        menubar.add_cascade(label='文件(F)', menu=menuFile)
        menubar.add_cascade(label='编辑(E)', menu=menuEdit)
        menubar.add_cascade(label='帮助(H)', menu=menuHelp)

        # 添加菜单项
        menuFile.add_command(label='New', accelerator="ctrl+n", command=self.newfile)
        menuFile.add_command(label='Open', accelerator="ctrl+o", command=self.openfile)
        menuFile.add_command(label='Save', accelerator="ctrl+s", command=self.savefile)
        menuFile.add_separator()                                                     # 添加分割线
        menuFile.add_command(label='Exit', accelerator="ctrl+q", command=root.quit)  # 退出

        menuEdit.add_command(label='Cut', command=self.do_job)
        menuEdit.add_command(label='Copy', command=self.do_job)
        menuEdit.add_command(label='Paste', command=self.do_job)

        # 为File继续添加子菜单
        submenu = tk.Menu(menuFile)
        menuFile.add_cascade(label='Import', menu=submenu, underline=0)
        submenu.add_command(label="Submenu1", command=self.do_job)

        # 将主菜单添加到根窗口
        root["menu"] = menubar


        # 增加快捷键的处理
        root.bind("<Control-n>", lambda event: self.newfile())
        root.bind("<Control-o>", lambda event: self.openfile())
        root.bind("<Control-s>", lambda event: self.savefile())
        root.bind("<Control-q>", lambda event: self.quit())


        # 添加上下文菜单，快捷菜单
        self.contextMenu = Menu(root)
        self.contextMenu.add_command(label="背景颜色", command=self.openAskcolor)
        root.bind("<Button-3>", self.creatContextMenu)                 # 为右键绑定事件

        # 显示测试结果
        self.textPad = tk.Text(self.master)
        self.textPad.pack()

    def creatContextMenu(self, event):
        # 菜单在鼠标右键单击的坐标处显示
        self.contextMenu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)
        self.textPad.insert('insert', 'you hit me, 坐标为({},{})\n'.format(event.x_root, event.y_root))

    def do_job(self):
        a = askinteger(title="输入年龄", prompt="请输入年龄", initialvalue=18, minvalue=1, maxvalue=120)
        self.textPad.insert('insert', str(a) + '\n')

    def newfile(self):
        self.textPad.delete(1.0, 'end')  # 把text面板中所有内容清空
        self.filename = asksaveasfilename(title="另存为", initialfile="未命名.txt", filetypes=[("文本文档", "*.txt")],
                                          defaultextension=".txt")
        self.savefile()

    def openfile(self):
        self.textPad.delete(1.0, 'end')  # 把text面板中所有内容清空
        with askopenfile(title="上传文件") as f:
            self.textPad.insert('insert', f.read())
            self.filename = f.name

    def savefile(self):
        with open(self.filename, 'w') as f:
            context = self.textPad.get(1.0, 'end')  # 过去记事本中所有内容
            f.write(context)

    def openAskcolor(self):
        s1 = askcolor(color='red', title="选择背景色")
        self.textPad.config(bg=s1[1])


root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()

• optionMenu

import tkinter as tk


class Application(tk.Frame):
    """
    一个经典的GUI程序
    """

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """
        创建组件
        :return:
        """
        self.v = tk.StringVar(self.master)
        self.v.set("程序员")
        om = tk.OptionMenu(self.master, self.v, "算法工程师", "程序员", "产品经理")
        om["width"] = 10
        om.pack()

        tk.Button(self.master, text="确定", command=self.func).pack()

        # 显示测试结果
        self.t = tk.Text(self.master)
        self.t.pack()

    def func(self):
        info = "最喜爱的职位: " + str(self.v.get()) + "\n"
        print(info)
        self.t.insert('insert', info)


root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()

8. frame 框架

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.title('my window')
window.geometry('200x200')
tk.Label(window, text='on the window').pack()

frm = tk.Frame(window)
frm.pack()
frm_l = tk.Frame(frm, )
frm_r = tk.Frame(frm)
frm_l.pack(side='left')
frm_r.pack(side='right')

tk.Label(frm_l, text='on the frm_l1').pack()
tk.Label(frm_l, text='on the frm_l2').pack()
tk.Label(frm_r, text='on the frm_r1').pack()
window.mainloop()

9. messagebox 和simpledialog

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox

window = tk.Tk()
window.title('my window')
window.geometry('200x200')

def hit_me():
    # tk.messagebox.showinfo(title='Hi', message='hahahaha')   # return 'ok'
    # tk.messagebox.showwarning(title='Hi', message='nononono')   # return 'ok'
    # tk.messagebox.showerror(title='Hi', message='No!! never')   # return 'ok'
    #print(tk.messagebox.askquestion(title='Hi', message='hahahaha'))   # return 'yes' , 'no'
    # print(tk.messagebox.askyesno(title='Hi', message='hahahaha'))   # return True, False
    # print(tk.messagebox.askokcancel(title='Hi', message='hahahaha'))   # return True, False
    print(tk.messagebox.askyesnocancel(title="Hi", message="haha"))     # return, True, False, None

tk.Button(window, text='hit me', command=hit_me).pack()
window.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.simpledialog import *


class Application(tk.Frame):
    """
    一个经典的GUI程序
    """

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """
        创建组件
        :return:
        """

        tk.Button(self.master, text="你多大了？请输入", command=self.simpleDia).pack()


        # 显示测试结果
        self.t = tk.Text(self.master)
        self.t.pack()

    def simpleDia(self):
         a = askinteger(title="输入年龄", prompt="请输入年龄", initialvalue=18, minvalue=1,  maxvalue=120)

         self.t.insert('insert', str(a) + '\n')


root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()

10. pack place grid 布局

import tkinter as tk

window = tk.Tk()
window.geometry('200x200')

#canvas = tk.Canvas(window, height=150, width=500)
#canvas.grid(row=1, column=1)
#image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file='welcome.gif')
#image = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor='nw', image=image_file)

#tk.Label(window, text='1').pack(side='top')
#tk.Label(window, text='1').pack(side='bottom')
#tk.Label(window, text='1').pack(side='left')
#tk.Label(window, text='1').pack(side='right')


# grid
# for i in range(4):   # 4行3列
#     for j in range(3):
#         tk.Label(window, text=1).grid(row=i, column=j, padx=10, pady=10)

#place
tk.Label(window, text=1).place(x=20, y=10, anchor='nw')

window.mainloop()

• grid
• 
  
  

import tkinter as tk


class Application(tk.Frame):
    """
    一个经典的GUI程序
    """

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """
        创建组件
        :return:
        """
        tk.Label(self, text="用户名").grid(row=0, column=0)
        entry_01 = tk.Entry(self)
        entry_01.grid(row=0, column=1)
        tk.Label(self, text="用户名为手机号").grid(row=0, column=2)

        tk.Label(self, text="密码").grid(row=1, column=0)
        tk.Entry(self,show="*").grid(row=1, column=1)

        tk.Button(self,text="登录").grid(row=2, column=1, sticky="ew")
        tk.Button(self, text="取消").grid(row=2, column=2,  sticky="e")





root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("720x480")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk


class Application(tk.Frame):
    """
    一个经典的GUI程序
    """

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """
        创建组件
        :return:
        """
        btnText = (("MC", "M+", "M-", "MR"),
                   ("C", "±", "/", "&"),
                   (7, 8, 9, "-"),
                   (4, 5, 6, "+"),
                   (1, 2, 3, "="),
                   (0, "."))
        tk.Entry(self).grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=10)
        for rindex, r in enumerate(btnText):
            for cindex, c in enumerate(r):
                if c == "=":
                    tk.Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex + 1, column=cindex, rowspan=2, sticky="nsew")
                elif c == 0:
                    tk.Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex + 1, column=cindex, columnspan=2, sticky="nsew")
                elif c == ".":
                    tk.Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex + 1, column=cindex+1, sticky="nsew")
                else:
                    tk.Button(self, text=c, width=2).grid(row=rindex+1, column=cindex, sticky="nsew")


root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("200x250")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()=

• pack

import tkinter as tk


class Application(tk.Frame):
    """
    一个经典的GUI程序
    """

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """
        创建组件
        :return:
        """
        f1 = tk.Frame(root)
        f2 = tk.Frame(root)
        f1.pack()
        f2.pack()

        btnText = ("流行风", "中国风", "日本风",  "重金属", "轻音乐")

        for tex in btnText:
            tk.Button(f1, text=tex).pack(side="left", padx="10")

        for i in range(20):
            tk.Label(f2, width=5, height=10, borderwidth=1, relief="solid",
                     bg="black" if i %2 == 0 else "white").pack(side="left", padx=2)



root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("900x220")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()

• place

import tkinter as tk


class Application(tk.Frame):
    """
    一个经典的GUI程序
    """

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """
        创建组件
        :return:
        """
        f1 = tk.Frame(root,width=300, height=300,bg="green")
        f1.place(x=30, y=30)  # 绝对坐标

        tk.Button(root, text="relx=0.2, x=300, y=20, relwidth=0.2, relheight=0.5").\
            place(relx=0.2, x=300, y=20, relwidth=0.5, relheight=0.5)   # relx和x同时存在，先定位在relx位置，再偏移x位置

        tk.Button(f1,  text=" Button relx=0.2, rely=0.5").place(relx=0.2, rely=0.5)
        tk.Label(f1, text="Label relx=0.5, rely=0.2").place(relx=0.5, rely=0.2)



root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("1000x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()

11 event 处理

import tkinter as tk


class Application(tk.Frame):
    """
    一个经典的GUI程序
    """

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """
        创建组件
        :return:
        """
        self.c1 = tk.Canvas(self.master, width=200, height=200, bg='green')
        self.c1.pack()

        self.c1.bind("<Button-1>", self.mouseTest)     # 绑定左键点击事件
        self.c1.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.dragTest)     # 绑定拖动事件

        self.master.bind("<KeyPress>", self.keyboardTest)  # 绑定键盘事件
        self.master.bind("<KeyPress-a>", self.press_a_test)
        self.master.bind("<KeyRelease-a>", self.release_a_test)

        # lambda 传参
        btn_1 = tk.Button(self.master, text="测试command 传参", command=lambda: self.mouse_param_Test(1, 2))
        btn_1.pack()


        # 给所有的Button按钮绑定右键单击事件
        btn_2 = tk.Button(self.master, text="测试bind绑定")
        btn_2.pack()
        btn_2.bind_class("Button", "<Button-3>", self.mouse_bindAll_Test)


        # 用于显示结果
        self.t = tk.Text(self.master)
        # self.t.place(relx=0.25, rely=0.5, relwidth=0.5, relheight=0.5)
        self.t.pack()



    def mouseTest(self, event):
        print("鼠标左键单机位置（相对于父容器）：{0}，{1}\n".format(event.x, event.y))
        print("鼠标左键单机位置（相对于父屏幕)：{0}，{1}\n".format(event.x_root, event.y_root))
        print("事件绑定的组件：{0}\n".format(event.widget))
        self.t.insert('insert', "鼠标左键单机位置（相对于父容器)：{0}，{1}\n".format(event.x, event.y))
        self.t.insert('insert', "鼠标左键单机位置（相对于父屏幕)：{0}，{1}\n".format(event.x_root, event.y_root))
        self.t.insert('insert', "事件绑定的组件：{0}\n".format(event.widget))

    def mouse_param_Test(self, a,b):
        self.t.insert('insert', "a:{0} b:{1}\n".format(a, b))


    def mouse_bindAll_Test(self,event):
        print("右键单击事件，绑定给所有的按钮！")
        self.t.insert('insert', "右键单击事件，绑定给所有的按钮！ " + str(event.widget) + "\n")


    def dragTest(self, event):
        self.c1.create_oval(event.x, event.y, event.x + 1, event.y + 1)


    def keyboardTest(self,event):

        print("健的keycode: {0}，键的char: {1}，键的keysym: {2}".format(
            event.keycode,  event.char, event.keysym
        ))
        self.t.insert('insert', "健的keycode: {0}，键的char: {1}，键的keysym: {2}\n".format(
            event.keycode,  event.char, event.keysym
        ))


    def press_a_test(self, event):
        print("press a")
        self.t.insert('insert', "press a\n")


    def release_a_test(self,event):
        print("release a")
        self.t.insert('insert', "release a\n")


root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()

12 颜色选择框和文件对话框

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.colorchooser import *
from tkinter.filedialog import *


class Application(tk.Frame):
    """
    一个经典的GUI程序
    """

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.pack()
        self.creatWidget()

    def creatWidget(self):
        """
        创建组件
        :return:
        """

        tk.Button(self.master, text="选择背景色", command=self.chose_color).pack()
        tk.Button(self.master, text="选择视频文件", command=self.chose_file).pack()
        tk.Button(self.master, text="读取文本文件", command=self.chose_read_file).pack()

        # 显示测试结果
        self.t = tk.Text(self.master)
        self.t.pack()

    def chose_color(self):

        # 颜色选择框
        s1 = askcolor(color='red', title="选择背景色") # s1的值 ((255.99609375, 0.0, 0.0), '#ff0000')
        self.t.insert('insert', str(s1) + '\n')
        self.t.config(bg=s1[1])

    def chose_file(self):
        # 文件对话框
        f = askopenfilename(title="上传文件", initialdir="d:", filetypes=[('视频文件', ".mp4")])
        self.t.insert('insert', str(f) + "\n")

    def chose_read_file(self):
        with askopenfile(title="上传文件", initialdir="d:", filetypes=[('文本文件', ".txt")]) as f:
            info = f.read()
            self.t.insert('insert', info + '\n')


root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("400x400")
root.title("一个经典的GUI")
app = Application(master=root)
root.mainloop()

13 扩展模块ttk