python教案 md文件_Python基础（ipynb代码文件生成MD文档）,python,md

python基础

# print

print("Hello world!!!")

Hello world!!!

# string format

template = '{0:.2f} {1:s} worths {2:d} USD'

print(template.format(68, "RMB", 10))

print(template.format(112, "JPY", 1))

68.00 RMB worths 10 USD

112.00 JPY worths 1 USD

# dynamic reference

# python中变量的类型由数决定，变量无需声明即可赋值，变量的数据类型可动态改变

a = 1.4

a = "abc"

# strong type

a = 1.4

b = 5

c = "abc"

# type查看变量类型

print(type(a))

print(type(b))

print(type(c))

print(a + b)

try: print(a + c)

except TypeError as e: print(e)

print(str(a) + c)

6.4

unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'float' and 'str'

1.4abc

# python 定义函数

# 判断是否可以迭代

# duck type

def isIter(obj):

try:

iter(obj)

return True

except:

return False

print(isIter("string"))

print(isIter([1, 3, 6, 3]))

print(isIter(5))

True

True

False

# division 小数除法/ 整数除法//

print(5 / 3)

print(5.0 / 3.0)

print(5 // 3)

print(5.0 // 3.0)

1.6666666666666667

1.6666666666666667

1

1.0

# double v.s. int

# python中int无限大

#t = 2.0

t = 2

try: print(t**9999)

except OverflowError as e: print(e)

9975315584403791924418710813417925419117484159430962274260044749264719415110973315959980842018097298949665564711604562135778245674706890558796892966048161978927865023396897263382623275633029947760275043459096655771254304230309052342754537433044812444045244947419004626970816628925310784154736951278456194032612548321937220523379935813492726611434269080847157887814820381418440380366114267545820738091978190729484731949705420480268133910532310713666697018262782824765301571340117484700167967158325729648886639832887803086291015703997099089803689122841881140018651442743625950417232290727325278964800707416960807867294069628547689884559638900413478867837222061531009378918162751364161894635355186901433196515714066620700812097835845287030709827171162319400624428073652603715996129805898125065496430120854170403802966160080634246144248127920656422030768369475743557128157555544872757101656910101465820478798232378005202922920783036022481433508257530960315502093211137954335450287303208928475955728027534125625203003759921130949029618559027222394036453197621274169610991353702236581188380423306516889353019901706598566746827311350281584968727754120890486405491645657201785938762384254928638468963216610799699938443330404184418919013821641387586136828786372392056147194866905430803711626645987406560098802089140982848737949082265629217067979931392065064092703141738324544345260523790441307911980992885061203522165291537934519659802301702486578291604336052956650451876411707769872697198857628727645255106155473660805376737412870387636993174149249170378468977823319310937284749639508286051850682216567908607155895699111491922923667220135482091425502536463874182275289317250550426493906194736964349770417173079403521979559492907572889588571809849364065729741891601040737491085929005694535614125452913408718110288737960708826857843862807452291452496230514315040767791654065050993837928117171769477704587811700422443763081321784324416759731860188646620047228123461627175200339013636918877688203363449318120518745705483359278525379549050123394940089135962976690641210977014151379704224477507338334194848998443120818156688196951686727900703818370938855527692112869749555093234109848290825742565247111184973857381534577734108841438100181388628861890682665805598405640396334740943600649321830384275819930267301148935778758973692623184723461543947132974108504025560161182748144084517869560684169196795878209366925255485135806957719795495799077327208668155828468015561124968984999613390866179011555931322287649567879087504099919618142307624940544480116122181086885809043178507734242029311164896426937811743278220268481311009481785514406180783756271669151635014548834325284278578752758363759449597064855668845074958090657585772003864325286594778725460165092652423556909157703662026659519231042018210881851955775319894500371426836098140451738987266660234184397934290118976109314560040371409775658974078812224149259230754852444013637360787344065797375204866057540249095227901708413474893570658031605343195755840887152396298354688

# if-else-if

#a = None

#a = True

a = False

if a is None:

print("Null")

elif 0 < a < 10:

print("True")

else:

print("False")

False

# indentation 通过缩进控制代码

if True:

print("True")

else:

print("False")

print("End")

if True:

print("True")

else:

print("False")

print("End")

True

End

True

# for loop python中的for循环

# more from itertools

for s in "string":

print(s)

for i in range(10):

print(i)

for i in range(1, 10, 2):

print(i)

s

t

r

i

n

g

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

3

5

7

9

# while loop

i = 2

while True:

i = i * i

if i > 1000000: break

print(i)

4

16

256

65536

# list python的列表是可修改的

l = [0, 1, 2, 3]

print(l)

l.append("abc")

print(l)

# 用新列表扩展原来的列表(追加)

l.extend([9, 8, 7])

print(l)

# 修改下标1-4的列表值

l[1:4] = [9, 8, 7]

print(l)

# 修改后三个

l[-3:] = [1, 2, 3]

print(l)

# 修改前两个

l[:2] = [1,2]

print(l)

# 删除第4个

l.pop(4)

print(l)

[0, 1, 2, 3]

[0, 1, 2, 3, 'abc']

[0, 1, 2, 3, 'abc', 9, 8, 7]

[0, 9, 8, 7, 'abc', 9, 8, 7]

[0, 9, 8, 7, 'abc', 1, 2, 3]

[1, 2, 8, 7, 'abc', 1, 2, 3]

[1, 2, 8, 7, 1, 2, 3]

# tuple python的tuple不可修改,也不能增删

# Python的元组与列表类似，不同之处在于元组的元素不能修改。元组使用小括号，列表使用方括号。

# 元组创建很简单，只需要在括号中添加元素，并使用逗号隔开即可

t = (1, 2, 3, 4)

try: t[2] = 9

except TypeError as e: print(e)

try: t.apppend(5)

except AttributeError as e: print(e)

try: t.pop(1)

except AttributeError as e: print(e)

print(t)

'tuple' object does not support item assignment

'tuple' object has no attribute 'apppend'

'tuple' object has no attribute 'pop'

(1, 2, 3, 4)

# advance

l = [1, 4, 9, 16]

# enumerate枚举 index value

print(enumerate(l))

for i, j in enumerate(l):

print(i, j)

# python range() 函数可创建一个整数列表，一般用在 for 循环中。

# range(start, stop[, step])

# start: 计数从 start 开始。默认是从 0 开始。例如range(5)等价于range(0， 5);

# stop: 计数到 stop 结束，但不包括 stop。例如：range(0， 5) 是[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]没有5

# step：步长，默认为1。例如：range(0， 5) 等价于 range(0, 5, 1)

print(range(len(l))) # range(0, 4) 即默认start为0，stop为len(l) 即创建从0到4的一组数 0 1 2 3

# zip() 函数用于将可迭代的对象作为参数，将对象中对应的元素打包成一个个元组tuple，然后返回由这些元组组成的对象，可以节约内存

for i, j in zip(range(len(l)), l):

print(i, j)

from math import sqrt

for i, j in zip(l, map(sqrt, l)):

print(i, j)

0 1

1 4

2 9

3 16

range(0, 4)

0 1

1 4

2 9

3 16

1 1.0

4 2.0

9 3.0

16 4.0

# dictionary

d = {"a": 0, "b": 1, "c": 2}

print(d)

print(d.keys()) # 获取字典key

print(d.values()) # 获取字典value

d["a"] = 9 # 修改某值

del d["b"] # 删除某值

print(d)

try: print(d["e"])

except KeyError as e: print("key error:", e)

print(d.get("e", 9))

print(d)

{'a': 0, 'b': 1, 'c': 2}

dict_keys(['a', 'b', 'c'])

dict_values([0, 1, 2])

{'a': 9, 'c': 2}

key error: 'e'

9

{'a': 9, 'c': 2}

# advance

# python是逐行执行的，所以尽量把可用代码写在同一行里

def genList(size):

return [i*i for i in range(size)] # more efficient

def genDict(size):

return {i+1: i*i for i in range(size)} # more efficient

for op in [genList, genDict]:

print(op(5))

[0, 1, 4, 9, 16]

{1: 0, 2: 1, 3: 4, 4: 9, 5: 16}

# file read/write

with open("input.txt") as f:

for l in f:

a, b, c = l.strip().split()

print(a)

with open("output.txt", "w") as f:

f.write("message\n")

print(f.closed)

1

2

3

4

5

6

True