12. Integer to Roman

 

题目：

Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.

Symbol       Value
I             1
V             5
X             10
L             50
C             100
D             500
M             1000

For example, 2 is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. 12 is written as XII, which is simply X + II. The number 27 is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.

Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:

• I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9. 
• X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90. 
• C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900.

Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral.

 

Example 1:

Input: num = 3
Output: "III"

Example 2:

Input: num = 4
Output: "IV"

Example 3:

Input: num = 9
Output: "IX"

Example 4:

Input: num = 58
Output: "LVIII"
Explanation: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.

Example 5:

Input: num = 1994
Output: "MCMXCIV"
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.

 

Constraints:

• 1 <= num <= 3999

解法：

解法一：

这个解法我太服气了，我怎么没想到

public static String intToRoman(int num) {
    String M[] = {"", "M", "MM", "MMM"};
    String C[] = {"", "C", "CC", "CCC", "CD", "D", "DC", "DCC", "DCCC", "CM"};
    String X[] = {"", "X", "XX", "XXX", "XL", "L", "LX", "LXX", "LXXX", "XC"};
    String I[] = {"", "I", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX"};
    return M[num/1000] + C[(num%1000)/100] + X[(num%100)/10] + I[num%10];
}

解法二：

解法二也很巧

    int[] values = {1000,900,500,400,100,90,50,40,10,9,5,4,1};
    String[] strs = {"M","CM","D","CD","C","XC","L","XL","X","IX","V","IV","I"};
    
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    
    for(int i=0;i<values.length;i++) {
        while(num >= values[i]) {
            num -= values[i];
            sb.append(strs[i]);
        }
    }
    return sb.toString();
}

解法三：

这就是我自己用的方法了

    def putBefor(self,num:int,c1:str,c2:str,c3:str):
        """

        :param num: 当前位数上的取值
        :param c1: 表示最大的
        :param c2: 表示5开头的
        :param c3: 用来放在前面去减的
        """
        roman=[]
        i=0
        if (num >= 5):
            if (num == 9):
                roman.append(c3+c1)
            else:
                roman.append(c2)
                while (i < num - 5):
                    roman.append(c3)
                    i += 1
        else:
            if (num == 4):
                roman.append(c3+c2)
            else:
                while (i < num):
                    roman.append(c3)
                    i += 1
        return roman
    def intToRoman(self, num: int) -> str:
        roman=[]
        # 千位
        i=0
        va=num//1000
        while(i<va):
            roman.append('M')
            i+=1
        #百位
        va=(num%1000)//100
        for c in self.putBefor(va,'M','D','C'):
            roman.append(c)
        #十位
        va=(num%100)//10
        for c in self.putBefor(va,'C','L','X'):
            roman.append(c)
        #个位
        va=(num%10)
        for c in self.putBefor(va,'X','V','I'):
            roman.append(c)
        return ''.join(roman)