java规则引擎_Java规则引擎Easy Rules的使用介绍

1. Easy Rules 概述

Easy Rules是一个Java规则引擎，灵感来自一篇名为《Should I use a Rules Engine?》的文章

规则引擎就是提供一种可选的计算模型。与通常的命令式模型(由带有条件和循环的命令依次组成)不同，规则引擎基于生产规则系统。这是一组生产规则，每条规则都有一个条件(condition)和一个动作(action)———— 简单地说，可以将其看作是一组if-then语句。

精妙之处在于规则可以按任何顺序编写，引擎会决定何时使用对顺序有意义的任何方式来计算它们。考虑它的一个好方法是系统运行所有规则，选择条件成立的规则，然后执行相应的操作。这样做的好处是，很多问题都很自然地符合这个模型：

if car.owner.hasCellPhone then premium += 100;

if car.model.theftRating > 4 then premium += 200;

if car.owner.livesInDodgyArea && car.model.theftRating > 2 then premium += 300;

规则引擎是一种工具，它使得这种计算模型编程变得更容易。它可能是一个完整的开发环境，或者一个可以在传统平台上工作的框架。生产规则计算模型最适合仅解决一部分计算问题，因此规则引擎可以更好地嵌入到较大的系统中。

你可以自己构建一个简单的规则引擎。你所需要做的就是创建一组带有条件和动作的对象，将它们存储在一个集合中，然后遍历它们以评估条件并执行这些动作。

Easy Rules它提供Rule抽象以创建具有条件和动作的规则，并提供RuleEngine API，该API通过一组规则运行以评估条件并执行动作。

Easy Rules简单易用，只需两步：

首先，定义规则，方式有很多种

方式一：注解

@Rule(name = "weather rule", description = "if it rains then take an umbrella")

public class WeatherRule {

@Condition

public boolean itRains(@Fact("rain") boolean rain) {

return rain;

}

@Action

public void takeAnUmbrella() {

System.out.println("It rains, take an umbrella!");

}

}

方式二：链式编程

Rule weatherRule = new RuleBuilder()

.name("weather rule")

.description("if it rains then take an umbrella")

.when(facts -> facts.get("rain").equals(true))

.then(facts -> System.out.println("It rains, take an umbrella!"))

.build();

方式三：表达式

Rule weatherRule = new MVELRule()

.name("weather rule")

.description("if it rains then take an umbrella")

.when("rain == true")

.then("System.out.println(\"It rains, take an umbrella!\");");

方式四：yml配置文件

例如：weather-rule.yml

name: "weather rule"

description: "if it rains then take an umbrella"

condition: "rain == true"

actions:

- "System.out.println(\"It rains, take an umbrella!\");"

MVELRuleFactory ruleFactory = new MVELRuleFactory(new YamlRuleDefinitionReader());

Rule weatherRule = ruleFactory.createRule(new FileReader("weather-rule.yml"));

接下来，应用规则

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// define facts

Facts facts = new Facts();

facts.put("rain", true);

// define rules

Rule weatherRule = ...

Rules rules = new Rules();

rules.register(weatherRule);

// fire rules on known facts

RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine();

rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts);

}

}

入门案例：Hello Easy Rules

org.jeasy

easy-rules-core

4.0.0

通过骨架创建maven项目：

mvn archetype:generate \

-DarchetypeGroupId=org.jeasy \

-DarchetypeArtifactId=easy-rules-archetype \

-DarchetypeVersion=4.0.0

默认给我们生成了一个HelloWorldRule规则，如下：

package com.cjs.example.rules;

import org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Action;

import org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Condition;

import org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Rule;

@Rule(name = "Hello World rule", description = "Always say hello world")

public class HelloWorldRule {

@Condition

public boolean when() {

return true;

}

@Action

public void then() throws Exception {

System.out.println("hello world");

}

}

2. 规则定义

2.1. 定义规则

大多数业务规则可以用以下定义表示：

Name : 一个命名空间下的唯一的规则名称

Description : 规则的简要描述

Priority : 相对于其他规则的优先级

Facts : 事实，可立即为要处理的数据

Conditions : 为了应用规则而必须满足的一组条件

Actions : 当条件满足时执行的一组动作

Easy Rules为每个关键点提供了一个抽象来定义业务规则。

在Easy Rules中，Rule接口代表规则

public interface Rule {

/**

* This method encapsulates the rule's conditions.

* @return true if the rule should be applied given the provided facts, false otherwise

*/

boolean evaluate(Facts facts);

/**

* This method encapsulates the rule's actions.

* @throws Exception if an error occurs during actions performing

*/

void execute(Facts facts) throws Exception;

//Getters and setters for rule name, description and priority omitted.

}

evaluate方法封装了必须计算结果为TRUE才能触发规则的条件。execute方法封装了在满足规则条件时应该执行的动作。条件和操作由Condition和Action接口表示。

定义规则有两种方式：

通过在POJO类上添加注解

通过RuleBuilder API编程

可以在一个POJO类上添加@Rule注解，例如：

@Rule(name = "my rule", description = "my rule description", priority = 1)

public class MyRule {

@Condition

public boolean when(@Fact("fact") fact) {

//my rule conditions

return true;

}

@Action(order = 1)

public void then(Facts facts) throws Exception {

//my actions

}

@Action(order = 2)

public void finally() throws Exception {

//my final actions

}

}

@Condition注解指定规则条件

@Fact注解指定参数

@Action注解指定规则执行的动作

RuleBuilder支持链式风格定义规则，例如：

Rule rule = new RuleBuilder()

.name("myRule")

.description("myRuleDescription")

.priority(3)

.when(condition)

.then(action1)

.then(action2)

.build();

组合规则

CompositeRule由一组规则组成。这是一个典型地组合设计模式的实现。

组合规则是一个抽象概念，因为可以以不同方式触发组合规则。

Easy Rules自带三种CompositeRule实现：

UnitRuleGroup : 要么应用所有规则，要么不应用任何规则(AND逻辑)

ActivationRuleGroup : 它触发第一个适用规则，并忽略组中的其他规则(XOR逻辑)

ConditionalRuleGroup : 如果具有最高优先级的规则计算结果为true，则触发其余规则

复合规则可以从基本规则创建并注册为常规规则：

//Create a composite rule from two primitive rules

UnitRuleGroup myUnitRuleGroup = new UnitRuleGroup("myUnitRuleGroup", "unit of myRule1 and myRule2");

myUnitRuleGroup.addRule(myRule1);

myUnitRuleGroup.addRule(myRule2);

//Register the composite rule as a regular rule

Rules rules = new Rules();

rules.register(myUnitRuleGroup);

RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine();

rulesEngine.fire(rules, someFacts);

每个规则都有优先级。它代表触发注册规则的默认顺序。默认情况下，较低的值表示较高的优先级。可以重写compareTo方法以提供自定义优先级策略。

2.2. 定义事实

在Easy Rules中，Fact API代表事实

public class Fact {

private final String name;

private final T value;

}

举个栗子：

Fact fact = new Fact("foo", "bar");

Facts facts = new Facts();

facts.add(fact);

或者，也可以用这样简写形式

Facts facts = new Facts();

facts.put("foo", "bar");

用@Fact注解可以将Facts注入到condition和action方法中

@Rule

class WeatherRule {

@Condition

public boolean itRains(@Fact("rain") boolean rain) {

return rain;

}

@Action

public void takeAnUmbrella(Facts facts) {

System.out.println("It rains, take an umbrella!");

// can add/remove/modify facts

}

}

2.3. 定义规则引擎

Easy Rules提供两种RulesEngine接口实现：

DefaultRulesEngine : 根据规则的自然顺序应用规则

InferenceRulesEngine : 持续对已知事实应用规则，直到不再适用任何规则为止

创建规则引擎：

RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine();

// or

RulesEngine rulesEngine = new InferenceRulesEngine();

然后，注册规则

rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts);

规则引擎有一些可配置的参数，如下图所示：

举个栗子：

RulesEngineParameters parameters = new RulesEngineParameters()

.rulePriorityThreshold(10)

.skipOnFirstAppliedRule(true)

.skipOnFirstFailedRule(true)

.skipOnFirstNonTriggeredRule(true);

RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(parameters);

2.4. 定义规则监听器

通过实现RuleListener接口

public interface RuleListener {

/**

* Triggered before the evaluation of a rule.

*

* @param rule being evaluated

* @param facts known before evaluating the rule

* @return true if the rule should be evaluated, false otherwise

*/

default boolean beforeEvaluate(Rule rule, Facts facts) {

return true;

}

/**

* Triggered after the evaluation of a rule.

*

* @param rule that has been evaluated

* @param facts known after evaluating the rule

* @param evaluationResult true if the rule evaluated to true, false otherwise

*/

default void afterEvaluate(Rule rule, Facts facts, boolean evaluationResult) { }

/**

* Triggered on condition evaluation error due to any runtime exception.

*

* @param rule that has been evaluated

* @param facts known while evaluating the rule

* @param exception that happened while attempting to evaluate the condition.

*/

default void onEvaluationError(Rule rule, Facts facts, Exception exception) { }

/**

* Triggered before the execution of a rule.

*

* @param rule the current rule

* @param facts known facts before executing the rule

*/

default void beforeExecute(Rule rule, Facts facts) { }

/**

* Triggered after a rule has been executed successfully.

*

* @param rule the current rule

* @param facts known facts after executing the rule

*/

default void onSuccess(Rule rule, Facts facts) { }

/**

* Triggered after a rule has failed.

*

* @param rule the current rule

* @param facts known facts after executing the rule

* @param exception the exception thrown when attempting to execute the rule

*/

default void onFailure(Rule rule, Facts facts, Exception exception) { }

}

3. 示例

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

4.0.0

com.cjs.example

easy-rules-quickstart

1.0.0-SNAPSHOT

jar

org.jeasy

easy-rules-core

4.0.0

org.jeasy

easy-rules-support

4.0.0

org.jeasy

easy-rules-mvel

4.0.0

org.slf4j

slf4j-simple

1.7.30

4. 扩展

规则本质上是一个函数，如y=f(x1,x2,..,xn)

规则引擎就是为了解决业务代码和业务规则分离的引擎，是一种嵌入在应用程序中的组件，实现了将业务决策从应用程序代码中分离。

还有一种常见的方式是Java+Groovy来实现，Java内嵌Groovy脚本引擎进行业务规则剥离。

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