python折线图y轴_Python使用辅助y轴制作条形图和折线图

I am trying to plot some csv data. I would like to plot some csv data. The data is shown below. I'm trying to plot columns 1-11 as a bar plot and column 12 as a line. I can make both plots separately using the following code, but how can I combine the plots and also have a secondary y-axis?

Here is a sample of the data I am plotting

DateTime e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 e8 e9 e10 e11 p12

11/1/2014 1772 1926 1852 1513 1713 1568 1721 1822 1665 1449 1874 347

11/2/2014 19884 20365 19799 18017 18394 19383 20089 19929 20277 19522 19882 3710

11/3/2014 28697 29692 28881 25031 26731 28207 29095 29109 29577 28714 28926 5614

11/4/2014 24906 26061 25174 21745 23623 24126 24954 25344 25679 24406 25288 4990

11/5/2014 9059 9821 9116 7546 8742 8530 8910 9372 9214 8227 9366 1734

11/6/2014 1396 1691 1569 1176 1353 1223 1347 1541 1355 1044 1580 282

11/7/2014 10039 10416 9902 8223 9667 9511 9877 10106 10180 9524 10138 1857

11/8/2014 26746 27694 27128 23694 25520 26351 27176 27155 27704 26979 26995 5155

11/9/2014 14797 15567 14818 13556 14499 14244 14899 14979 15225 14171 14929 2846

11/10/2014 26059 27443 26573 22844 24655 25538 26658 26690 27303 26094 26471 5304

Here is the code I am using to plot them separately

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

df = pd.read_csv("data.csv", index_col="DateTime", parse_dates=True)

df.iloc[:,[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]].plot(kind='bar')

df.iloc[:,11].plot(linestyle='-', marker='o')

plt.show()

解决方案

Unfortunately it seems impossible to plot a bar plot and a lineplot to the same axes in pandas if the x axis is a dates axis.

A workaround is to use a matplotlib barplot instead

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

df = pd.read_csv("data.csv", index_col="DateTime", parse_dates=True, delim_whitespace=True)

fig, ax= plt.subplots()

ax.plot_date(df.index, df.iloc[:,11], '-')

for i in range(10):

diff = df.index[1]-df.index[0]

spacing = diff/(1.3*len(df.columns))

ax.bar(df.index+(-5+i)*spacing, df.iloc[:,i],

width=spacing/diff, label=df.columns[i])

plt.legend()

plt.gcf().autofmt_xdate()

plt.show()

Edit:

It will be possible to plot the bar plot and line plot in the same axes, if we neglect the fact that the points are dates. In the following code mind that we do not read the first column as index.

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

df = pd.read_csv("data.csv", parse_dates=True, delim_whitespace=True)

ax = df.iloc[:,[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]].plot(kind='bar')

df.iloc[:,12].plot(linestyle='-', marker='o', ax = ax)

ax.set_xticklabels(df.DateTime, rotation=40)

plt.show()

So this method will produce a graph where the bars and linepoints are simply ordered by their index (which is not the date). This may be acceptable or not depending on whether the dates are equally spaced.

If we e.g. change the input file to skip a date (11/6/2014 is not present), the code will produce

where the bars and line points are still equally spaced, although the dates in reality are not.

Plotting the same data with one day skipped with the matplotlib code from the start of the answer we get

where indeed the 11/6/2014 is missing.