java rsa算法详解_JAVA RSA非对称加密详解［转载］

package com.rsa;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import java.security.*;

import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;

import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;

import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;

import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

/**

* 非对称加密算法RSA算法组件

* 非对称算法一般是用来传送对称加密算法的密钥来使用的，相对于DH算法，RSA算法只需要一方构造密钥，不需要

* 大费周章的构造各自本地的密钥对了。DH算法只能算法非对称算法的底层实现。而RSA算法算法实现起来较为简单

*

* @author kongqz

*/

public class RSACoder {

//非对称密钥算法

public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";

/**

* 密钥长度，DH算法的默认密钥长度是1024

* 密钥长度必须是64的倍数，在512到65536位之间

*/

private static final int KEY_SIZE = 512;

//公钥

private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";

//私钥

private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";

/**

* 初始化密钥对

*

* @return Map 甲方密钥的Map

*/

public static Map initKey() throws Exception {

//实例化密钥生成器

KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

//初始化密钥生成器

keyPairGenerator.initialize(KEY_SIZE);

//生成密钥对

KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

//甲方公钥

RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();

//甲方私钥

RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();

//将密钥存储在map中

Map keyMap = new HashMap();

keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);

keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);

return keyMap;

}

/**

* 私钥加密

*

* @param data 待加密数据

* @param key 密钥

* @return byte[] 加密数据

*/

public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, byte[] key) throws Exception {

//取得私钥

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(key);

KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

//生成私钥

PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

//数据加密

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

return cipher.doFinal(data);

}

/**

* 公钥加密

*

* @param data 待加密数据

* @param key 密钥

* @return byte[] 加密数据

*/

public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, byte[] key) throws Exception {

//实例化密钥工厂

KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

//初始化公钥

//密钥材料转换

X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(key);

//产生公钥

PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

//数据加密

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);

return cipher.doFinal(data);

}

/**

* 私钥解密

*

* @param data 待解密数据

* @param key 密钥

* @return byte[] 解密数据

*/

public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, byte[] key) throws Exception {

//取得私钥

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(key);

KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

//生成私钥

PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

//数据解密

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

return cipher.doFinal(data);

}

/**

* 公钥解密

*

* @param data 待解密数据

* @param key 密钥

* @return byte[] 解密数据

*/

public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, byte[] key) throws Exception {

//实例化密钥工厂

KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

//初始化公钥

//密钥材料转换

X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(key);

//产生公钥

PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);

//数据解密

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());

cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, pubKey);

return cipher.doFinal(data);

}

/**

* 取得私钥

*

* @param keyMap 密钥map

* @return byte[] 私钥

*/

public static byte[] getPrivateKey(Map keyMap) {

Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);

return key.getEncoded();

}

/**

* 取得公钥

*

* @param keyMap 密钥map

* @return byte[] 公钥

*/

public static byte[] getPublicKey(Map keyMap) throws Exception {

Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);

return key.getEncoded();

}

/**

* @param args

* @throws Exception

*/

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

//初始化密钥

//生成密钥对

Map keyMap = RSACoder.initKey();

//公钥

byte[] publicKey = RSACoder.getPublicKey(keyMap);

//私钥

byte[] privateKey = RSACoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap);

System.out.println("公钥：/n" + Base64.encodeBase64String(publicKey));

System.out.println("私钥：/n" + Base64.encodeBase64String(privateKey));

System.out.println("================密钥对构造完毕,甲方将公钥公布给乙方，开始进行加密数据的传输=============");

String str = "RSA密码交换算法";

System.out.println("/n===========甲方向乙方发送加密数据==============");

System.out.println("原文:" + str);

//甲方进行数据的加密

byte[] code1 = RSACoder.encryptByPrivateKey(str.getBytes(), privateKey);

System.out.println("加密后的数据：" + Base64.encodeBase64String(code1));

System.out.println("===========乙方使用甲方提供的公钥对数据进行解密==============");

//乙方进行数据的解密

byte[] decode1 = RSACoder.decryptByPublicKey(code1, publicKey);

System.out.println("乙方解密后的数据：" + new String(decode1) + "/n/n");

System.out.println("===========反向进行操作，乙方向甲方发送数据==============/n/n");

str = "乙方向甲方发送数据RSA算法";

System.out.println("原文:" + str);

//乙方使用公钥对数据进行加密

byte[] code2 = RSACoder.encryptByPublicKey(str.getBytes(), publicKey);

System.out.println("===========乙方使用公钥对数据进行加密==============");

System.out.println("加密后的数据：" + Base64.encodeBase64String(code2));

System.out.println("=============乙方将数据传送给甲方======================");

System.out.println("===========甲方使用私钥对数据进行解密==============");

//甲方使用私钥对数据进行解密

byte[] decode2 = RSACoder.decryptByPrivateKey(code2, privateKey);

System.out.println("甲方解密后的数据：" + new String(decode2));

}

}