openwrt源码分析_openwrt 代码框架分析

这次讲讲openwrt的结构.

1.代码上来看有几个重要目录package, target, build_root, bin, dl....

---build_dir/host目录是建立工具链时的临时目录

---build_dir/toolchain-是对应硬件的工具链的目录

---staging_dir/toolchain- 则是工具链的安装位置

---target/linux/目录里面是各个平台(arch)的相关代码

---target/linux//config-3.10文件就是配置文件了

---dl目录是'download'的缩写, 在编译前期，需要从网络下载的数据包都会放在这个目录下，这些软件包的一个特点就是，会自动安装在所编译的固件中，也就是我们make menuconfig的时候，为固件配置的一些软件包。如果我们需要更改这些源码包，只需要将更改好的源码包打包成相同的名字放在这个目录下，然后开始编译即可。编译时，会将软件包解压到build_dir目录下。

---而在build_dir/目录下进行解压，编译和打补丁等。

---package目录里面包含了我们在配置文件里设定的所有编译好的软件包。默认情况下，会有默认选择的软件包。在openwrt中ipk就是一切, 我们可以使用

$ ./scripts/feeds update来对软件包进行更新.

$ ./scripts/feeds search nmap 查找软件包'nmap'

Search results in feed ’packages’:

nmap Network exploration and/or security auditing utility

$ ./scripts/feeds install nmap 安装'nmap'这个软件

$ make package/symlinks //估计意思是更新软件源之类的

---bin目录下生成了很多bin文件，根据不同的平台来区分。另外bin//package目录，里面有很多ipk后缀的文件，都是package目录下的源码在build_dir目录下编译后的生成的结果。

2.新建自己的packages

对于自己新建的package，而这个package又不需要随固件一起安装，换句话说，就是可以当做一个可选软件包的话。我们可以利用我们的SDK环境来单独编译，编译后会生成一个ipk的文件包。然后利用 opkg install xxx.ipk 来安装这个软件。

下面具体说下，如何编译一个helloword的软件包。

(1)首先，编写helloworld程序

编写helloworld.c

/****************

* Helloworld.c

* The most simplistic C program ever written.

* An epileptic monkey on crack could write this code.

*****************/

#include

#include

int main(void)

{

printf("Hell! O' world, why won't my code compile?\n\n");

return 0;

}

编写Makefile文件

# build helloworld executable when user executes "make"

helloworld: helloworld.o

$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) helloworld.o -o helloworld

helloworld.o: helloworld.c

$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c helloworld.c

# remove object files and executable when user executes "make clean"

clean:

rm *.o helloworld

在这两个文件的目录下，执行make 应该可以生成helloworld的可执行文件。执行helloworld后，能够打印出“Hell!O' world, why won't my code compile?”。 这一步，主要保证我们的源程序是可以正常编译的。

下面我们将其移植到OpenWRT上。

(2)将OpenWrt-SDK-brcm47xx-for-Linux-x86_64-gcc-4.3.3+cs_uClibc-0.9.30.1.tar.bz2解压

tar –xvf OpenWrt-SDK-brcm47xx-for-Linux-x86_64-gcc-4.3.3+cs_uClibc-0.9.30.1.tar.bz2

(3)进入SDK

cd OpenWrt-SDK-brcm47xx-for-Linux-x86_64-gcc-4.3.3+cs_uClibc-0.9.30.1

可以看到里面的目录结构跟我们之前source的目录结构基本相同，所需要编译的软件包，需要放置在package目录下

(4)在package目录下创建helloworld目录

cd package

mkdir helloworld

cd helloworld

(5)创建src目录，拷贝 helloworld文件

mkdir src

cp /home/wrt/test/helloworld.c src

cp /home/wrt/test/Makefile src

(6)在helloworld目录下创建Makefile文件

这个Makefile文件是给OpenWRT读的，而之前写的那个Makefile文件是针对helloworld给编译其读的。两个Makefile不在同一层目录下。

touch Makefile

vim Makefile

Makefile文件模板内容如下：

##############################################

# OpenWrt Makefile for helloworld program

#

#

# Most of the variables used here are defined in

# the include directives below. We just need to

# specify a basic description of the package,

# where to build our program, where to find

# the source files, and where to install the

# compiled program on the router.

#

# Be very careful of spacing in this file.

# Indents should be tabs, not spaces, and

# there should be no trailing whitespace in

# lines that are not commented.

#

##############################################

include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk

# Name and release number of this package

PKG_NAME:=helloworld

PKG_RELEASE:=1

# This specifies the directory where we're going to build the program.

# The root build directory, $(BUILD_DIR), is by default the build_mipsel

# directory in your OpenWrt SDK directory

PKG_BUILD_DIR := $(BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME)

include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk

# Specify package information for this program.

# The variables defined here should be self explanatory.

# If you are running Kamikaze, delete the DESCRIPTION

# variable below and uncomment the Kamikaze define

# directive for the description below

define Package/helloworld

SECTION:=utils

CATEGORY:=Utilities

TITLE:=Helloworld -- prints a snarky message

endef

# Uncomment portion below for Kamikaze and delete DESCRIPTION variable above

define Package/helloworld/description

If you can't figure out what this program does, you're probably

brain-dead and need immediate medical attention.

endef

# Specify what needs to be done to prepare for building the package.

# In our case, we need to copy the source files to the build directory.

# This is NOT the default. The default uses the PKG_SOURCE_URL and the

# PKG_SOURCE which is not defined here to download the source from the web.

# In order to just build a simple program that we have just written, it is

# much easier to do it this way.

define Build/Prepare

mkdir -p $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)

$(CP) ./src/* $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/

endef

# We do not need to define Build/Configure or Build/Compile directives

# The defaults are appropriate for compiling a simple program such as this one

# Specify where and how to install the program. Since we only have one file,

# the helloworld executable, install it by copying it to the /bin directory on

# the router. The $(1) variable represents the root directory on the router running

# OpenWrt. The $(INSTALL_DIR) variable contains a command to prepare the install

# directory if it does not already exist. Likewise $(INSTALL_BIN) contains the

# command to copy the binary file from its current location (in our case the build

# directory) to the install directory.

define Package/helloworld/install

$(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/bin

$(INSTALL_BIN) $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/helloworld $(1)/bin/

endef

# This line executes the necessary commands to compile our program.

# The above define directives specify all the information needed, but this

# line calls BuildPackage which in turn actually uses this information to

# build a package.

$(eval $(call BuildPackage,helloworld))

(7)返回到SDK的根目录

执行make进行编译

编译过程会在build_dir目录下完成

编译结果会放在 bin/[yourtarget]/package目录下helloworld_1_bcm47xx.ipk

(8)上传helloworld_1_bcm47xx.ipk

上传helloworld_1_bcm47xx.ipk至路由器

执行# opkg install helloworld_1_bcm47xx.ipk

然后输入hello然后按Tab键，发现openwrt中已经有helloworld可执行命令。

执行 helloworld命令来查看程序的效果。

Hell! O' world, why won't my code compile?