单例设计模式的不同实现方式

1.饿汉式

类加载到内存后，就实例化一个单例，JVM保证线程安全，唯一缺点：不管用到与否，类装载时就完成实例化。简单实用，推荐使用！

public class Sin01 {
    private static final Sin01 INSTANCE=new Sin01();
    private Sin01(){}
    public static Sin01 getInstance(){
        return INSTANCE;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Sin01 m1 = Sin01.getInstance();
        Sin01 m2 = Sin01.getInstance();
        System.out.println(m1 == m2);
    }
}

2.跟1是一个意思，但是是在静态代码块中实现

public class Sin02 {
    private static final Sin02 INSTANCE;
    static {
        INSTANCE = new Sin02();
    }
    private Sin02() {};

    public static Sin02 getInstance() {
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Sin02 m1 = Sin02.getInstance();
        Sin02 m2 = Sin02.getInstance();
        System.out.println(m1 == m2);
    }
}

3.懒汉式

虽然达到了按需初始化的目的，但多线程访问时却带来线程不安全的问题，但可以通过synchronized解决，但也带来效率下降

public class Sin04 {
    private static Sin04 INSTANCE;
    private Sin04() {
    }
    public static synchronized Sin04 getInstance() {
        if (INSTANCE == null) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            INSTANCE = new Sin04();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Sin04.getInstance().hashCode());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

4.懒汉式-双重检查方法

public class Sin06 {
    private static volatile Sin06 INSTANCE; 
    private Sin06() {
    }
    public static Sin06 getInstance() {
        if (INSTANCE == null) {
            //双重检查
            synchronized (Sin06.class) {
                if(INSTANCE == null) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    INSTANCE = new Sin06();
                }
            }
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Sin06.getInstance().hashCode());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

5.完美的方式

静态内部类方式，JVM保证单例且保证线程安全，加载外部类时不会加载内部类，这样可以实现懒加载

public class Sin07 {

    private Sin07() {
    }

    private static class Mgr07Holder {
        private final static Sin07 INSTANCE = new Sin07();
    }

    public static Sin07 getInstance() {
        return Mgr07Holder.INSTANCE;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Sin07.getInstance().hashCode());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

6.枚举单例-完美中的完美方式

不仅可以解决线程同步，还可以防止反序列化。

public enum Sin08 {
    INSTANCE;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Sin08.INSTANCE.hashCode());
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

推荐使用的是1和5的方式