python数据可视化分析_Python数据可视化分析(一)

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Python数据可视化

写得比较粗浅，后面会对数据分析专题进行深入。

安装环境matplotlib

个人前面也说了强烈建议使用Pycharm作为Python初学者的首选IDE，主要还是因为其强大的插件功能，很多环境都能一键安装完成，像本文的matplotlib，numpy,requests等。

下面直接上效果图：

绘制简单的折丝图

使用plot来绘制折线import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 绘制折线图

squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

# plt.plot(squares, linewidth=5) # 指定折线粗细，

# #plt.show();

#

# #修改标签文字和线条粗细

# plt.title("squre number", fontsize=24)

# plt.xlabel("Value", fontsize=14)

# plt.ylabel("square of value", fontsize=14)

# plt.tick_params(axis='both', labelsize=14)

# plt.show()

# 校正图形

input_values = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

plt.plot(input_values, squares, linewidth=5)

plt.show()

生成的效果图：

使用scatter绘制散点图并设置样式import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 简单的点

# plt.scatter(2, 4)

# plt.show()

#

# # 修改标签文字和线条粗细

plt.title("squre number", fontsize=24)

plt.xlabel("Value", fontsize=14)

plt.ylabel("square of value", fontsize=14)

#设置刻度标记大小

plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14)

# 绘制散点

x_values = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

y_values = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, s=100)

plt.show()

自动计算数据import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x_values = list(range(1, 1001))

y_values = [x ** 2 for x in x_values]

# y_values = [x * x for x in x_values]

# y_values = [x ^ 2 for x in x_values]

plt.scatter(x_values, y_values, s=40)

# 坐标轴的取值范围

# plt.axis(0, 1100, 0, 1100000) # 依次是xmin xmax,ymin,ymax

plt.show()

随机漫步import matplotlib.pyplot as ply

from random import choice

class RandomWalk():

def __init__(self, num_points=5000):

self.num_points = num_points

self.x_values = [0]

self.y_values = [0]

def fill_walk(self):

# 不断走，直到达到指定步数

while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:

# 决定前进方向以及沿这个方向前进的距离

x_direction = choice([1, -1])

x_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

x_step = x_direction * x_distance

y_direction = choice([1, -1])

y_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

y_step = y_direction * y_distance

# 不能原地踏步

if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:

continue

next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step

next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step

self.x_values.append(next_x)

self.y_values.append(next_y)

rw = RandomWalk()

rw.fill_walk()

ply.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, s=15)

ply.show()

效果图

使用Pygal模拟掷骰子

pygal能够绘制的图形可以访问pygal介绍

环境安装，直接在Pycharm上安装插件。import pygal

from random import randint

class Die():

def __init__(self, num_sides=6):

self.num_sides = num_sides;

def roll(self):

# 返回一个位于1和骰子面数之间的随机值

return randint(1, self.num_sides)

die = Die()

results = []

# 掷100次骰子，并将结果放在列表中。

for roll_num in range(10):

result = die.roll()

results.append(str(result))

print(results)

# 分析结果

frequencies = []

for value in range(1, die.num_sides + 1):

frequency = results.count(value)

frequencies.append(frequency)

print(frequencies)

# 对结果进行可视化

hist = pygal.Box()

hist.title = "result of rolling one D6 1000 times"

hist.x_labels = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6']

hist.x_title = "Result"

hist.y_title = "frequency of result"

hist.add('D6', frequencies)

hist.render_to_file('die_visual.svg')

使用Web API

1.1安装requests

这个可以直接在Pycharm中安装插件，非常方便。

1.2处理API响应import requests

# 执行api调用并存储响应

url = 'https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q=language:python&sort=stars'

r = requests.get(url)

print("Status code:", r.status_code)

# 将api响应存储在一个变量中

response_dic = r.json()

# 处理结果

print(response_dic.keys())

得到结果：

Status code: 200

dict_keys(['total_count', 'incomplete_results', 'items'])

1.3处理响应字典# 将api响应存储在一个变量中

response_dic = r.json()

# 处理结果

print(response_dic.keys())

print("Total repositories:", response_dic['total_count'])

repo_dics = response_dic['items']

print("repositories returned:" + str(len(repo_dics)))

# 研究一个仓库

repo_dic = repo_dics[0]

print("\nKeys:", str(len(repo_dic)))

# for key in sorted(repo_dic.keys()):

# print(key)

print("Name:", repo_dic['name'])

print("Owner:", repo_dic['owner']['login'])

print("Starts:", repo_dic['stargazers_count'])

print("Repository:", repo_dic['html_url'])

print("Created:", repo_dic['created_at'])

print("Updated:", repo_dic['updated_at'])

print("Description:", repo_dic['description'])

得到结果：

Total repositories: 2061622

repositories returned:30

Keys: 71

Name: awesome-python

Owner: vinta

Starts: 40294

Repository: https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python

Created: 2014-06-27T21:00:06Z

Updated: 2017-10-29T00:50:49Z

Description: A curated list of awesome Python frameworks, libraries, software and resources