用matplotlib绘制洛伦兹吸引子_用Python的Matplotlib模块绘制3D图像

因为我是直接把jupyter notebook导出为md文件，然后传上知乎了，所以很多地方会乱掉

先来看两个例子

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

from matplotlib import cm

from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

fig=plt.figure()

ax=fig.gca(projection='3d')
#ax = axes3d.Axes3D(fig)

[x,t]=np.meshgrid(np.array(range(25))/24.0,np.arange(0,575.5,0.5)/575*17*np.pi-2*np.pi)

p=(np.pi/2)*np.exp(-t/(8*np.pi))

u=1-(1-np.mod(3.6*t,2*np.pi)/np.pi)**4/2

y=2*(x**2-x)**2*np.sin(p)

r=u*(x*np.sin(p)+y*np.cos(p))

surf=ax.plot_surface(r*np.cos(t),r*np.sin(t),u*(x*np.cos(p)-y*np.sin(p)),rstride=1,cstride=1,cmap=cm.gist_rainbow_r,

                  linewidth=0,antialiased=True)

plt.show()

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

# Make data
u = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 100)
v = np.linspace(0, np.pi, 100)
x = 10 * np.outer(np.cos(u), np.sin(v))
y = 10 * np.outer(np.sin(u), np.sin(v))
z = 10 * np.outer(np.ones(np.size(u)), np.cos(v))

# Plot the surface
#ax.plot_surface(x, y, z, color='b')
ax.plot_surface(x, y, z,cmap='rainbow')

plt.show()

Python 三维绘图

1.创建三维坐标轴对象Axes3D

创建Axes3D主要有两种方式，一种是利用关键字projection='3d'l来实现，另一种则是通过从mpl_toolkits.mplot3d导入对象Axes3D来实现，目的都是生成具有三维格式的对象Axes3D.

#方法一，利用关键字导入相关模块绘制
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

#定义坐标轴
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = plt.axes(projection='3d')
#ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection='3d')  #这种方法也可以画多个子图


#方法二，利用三维轴方法
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

#定义图像和三维格式坐标轴
fig=plt.figure()
ax2 = Axes3D(fig)

2.三维曲线和散点

随后在定义的坐标轴上画图：

#方法一，利用关键字
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

#定义坐标轴
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = plt.axes(projection='3d')
#ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection='3d')  #这种方法也可以画多个子图


"""
#方法二，利用三维轴方法
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

#定义图像和三维格式坐标轴
fig=plt.figure()
ax2 = Axes3D(fig)
"""
##################我是分割线#####################
import numpy as np
z = np.linspace(0,13,1000)
x = 5*np.sin(z)
y = 5*np.cos(z)
zd = 13*np.random.random(100)
xd = 5*np.sin(zd)
yd = 5*np.cos(zd)
ax1.scatter3D(xd,yd,zd, cmap='b')  #绘制散点图
ax1.plot3D(x,y,z,'gray')    #绘制空间曲线
plt.show()

3.三维曲面

下一步画三维曲面:

fig = plt.figure()  #定义新的三维坐标轴
ax3 = plt.axes(projection='3d')

#定义三维数据
xx = np.arange(-5,5,0.5)
yy = np.arange(-5,5,0.5)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)
Z = np.sin(X)+np.cos(Y)


#作图
ax3.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,cmap='rainbow')
#ax3.contour(X,Y,Z, zdim='z',offset=-2，cmap='rainbow)   #等高线图，要设置offset，为Z的最小值
plt.show()

如果加入渲染时的步长，会得到更加清晰细腻的图像： ax3.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,rstride = 1, cstride = 1,cmap='rainbow') 其中的row和cloum_stride为横竖方向的绘图采样步长，越小绘图越精细。

或者,改变xx,yy的步长，xx = np.arange(-5,5,0.1)

fig = plt.figure()  #定义新的三维坐标轴
ax3 = plt.axes(projection='3d')

#定义三维数据
xx = np.arange(-5,5,0.1)
yy = np.arange(-5,5,0.1)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)
Z = np.sin(X)+np.cos(Y)


#作图
ax3.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,rstride = 1, cstride = 1,cmap='rainbow')
ax3.contour(X,Y,Z,offset=-2, cmap = 'rainbow')#绘制等高线
plt.show()

import math
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(40,30))  #定义新的三维坐标轴
ax3 = plt.axes(projection='3d')

#定义三维数据
xx = np.arange(-20,20,0.5)
yy = np.arange(-20,20,0.5)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)#将两个一维数组变为二维矩阵
Z = X*Y**2


#作图
#ax3.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,rstride = 1, cstride = 1)
ax3.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,rstride = 1, cstride = 1,cmap='rainbow')
plt.savefig('1.png',dpi=80)
plt.show()

np.meshgrid使用方法
链接

x = np.arange(-2,2)
x
array([-2, -1,  0,  1])

y = np.arange(-2,2)
y
array([-2, -1,  0,  1])

x1,y1 = np.meshgrid(x,y)

x1
array([[-2, -1,  0,  1],
       [-2, -1,  0,  1],
       [-2, -1,  0,  1],
       [-2, -1,  0,  1]])

y1
array([[-2, -2, -2, -2],
       [-1, -1, -1, -1],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 1,  1,  1,  1]])

X
array([[-20. , -19.5, -19. , ...,  18.5,  19. ,  19.5],
       [-20. , -19.5, -19. , ...,  18.5,  19. ,  19.5],
       [-20. , -19.5, -19. , ...,  18.5,  19. ,  19.5],
       ...,
       [-20. , -19.5, -19. , ...,  18.5,  19. ,  19.5],
       [-20. , -19.5, -19. , ...,  18.5,  19. ,  19.5],
       [-20. , -19.5, -19. , ...,  18.5,  19. ,  19.5]])

Y
array([[-20. , -20. , -20. , ..., -20. , -20. , -20. ],
       [-19.5, -19.5, -19.5, ..., -19.5, -19.5, -19.5],
       [-19. , -19. , -19. , ..., -19. , -19. , -19. ],
       ...,
       [ 18.5,  18.5,  18.5, ...,  18.5,  18.5,  18.5],
       [ 19. ,  19. ,  19. , ...,  19. ,  19. ,  19. ],
       [ 19.5,  19.5,  19.5, ...,  19.5,  19.5,  19.5]])

Examples

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))  #定义新的三维坐标轴
ax3 = plt.axes(projection='3d')

#定义三维数据
xx = np.arange(-20,20,0.5)
yy = np.arange(-20,20,0.5)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)#将两个一维数组变为二维矩阵
Z = X+Y**2
plt.title('Z = X+Y**2')#添加标题

#作图
#ax3.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,rstride = 1, cstride = 1)
ax3.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,rstride = 1, cstride = 1,cmap='rainbow')
plt.show()

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6)) 
ax3 = plt.axes(projection='3d')

xx = np.arange(-20,20,0.5)
yy = np.arange(-20,20,0.5)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(xx, yy)

Z=X**2+Y**2#Change Here

ax3.plot_surface(X,Y,Z,rstride = 1, cstride = 1,cmap='rainbow')
plt.show()

参考：

https://blog.csdn.net/u014636245/article/details/82799573

https://www.cnblogs.com/gengyi/p/9420559.html