python scatter log_python – Log log plot线性回归

The only mathematical form that is a straight line on a log-log-plot is an exponential function.

因为你有数据x = 0,它不能适合一行记录(y)= k * log(x)a,因为log(0)未定义.所以我们必须使用一个指数的拟合函数;不是多项式.为此,我们将使用scipy.optimize,它的curve_fit功能.我们将做一个指数级和另一个更加复杂的功能来说明如何使用这个功能：

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from scipy.optimize import curve_fit

# Abhishek Bhatia's data & scatter plot.

x = np.array([ 29., 36., 8., 32., 11., 60., 16., 242., 36.,

115., 5., 102., 3., 16., 71., 0., 0., 21.,

347., 19., 12., 162., 11., 224., 20., 1., 14.,

6., 3., 346., 73., 51., 42., 37., 251., 21.,

100., 11., 53., 118., 82., 113., 21., 0., 42.,

42., 105., 9., 96., 93., 39., 66., 66., 33.,

354., 16., 602.])

y = np.array([ 30, 47, 115, 50, 40, 200, 120, 168, 39, 100, 2, 100, 14,

50, 200, 63, 15, 510, 755, 135, 13, 47, 36, 425, 50, 4,

41, 34, 30, 289, 392, 200, 37, 15, 200, 50, 200, 247, 150,

180, 147, 500, 48, 73, 50, 55, 108, 28, 55, 100, 500, 61,

145, 400, 500, 40, 250])

fig = plt.figure()

ax=plt.gca()

ax.scatter(x,y,c="blue",alpha=0.95,edgecolors='none', label='data')

ax.set_yscale('log')

ax.set_xscale('log')

newX = np.logspace(0, 3, base=10) # Makes a nice domain for the fitted curves.

# Goes from 10^0 to 10^3

# This avoids the sorting and the swarm of lines.

# Let's fit an exponential function.

# This looks like a line on a lof-log plot.

def myExpFunc(x, a, b):

return a * np.power(x, b)

popt, pcov = curve_fit(myExpFunc, x, y)

plt.plot(newX, myExpFunc(newX, *popt), 'r-',

label="({0:.3f}*x**{1:.3f})".format(*popt))

print "Exponential Fit: y = (a*(x**b))"

print "\ta = popt[0] = {0}\n\tb = popt[1] = {1}".format(*popt)

# Let's fit a more complicated function.

# This won't look like a line.

def myComplexFunc(x, a, b, c):

return a * np.power(x, b) + c

popt, pcov = curve_fit(myComplexFunc, x, y)

plt.plot(newX, myComplexFunc(newX, *popt), 'g-',

label="({0:.3f}*x**{1:.3f}) + {2:.3f}".format(*popt))

print "Modified Exponential Fit: y = (a*(x**b)) + c"

print "\ta = popt[0] = {0}\n\tb = popt[1] = {1}\n\tc = popt[2] = {2}".format(*popt)

ax.grid(b='on')

plt.legend(loc='lower right')

plt.show()

这产生以下图表：

并将其写入终端：

kevin@proton:~$python ./plot.py

Exponential Fit: y = (a*(x**b))

a = popt[0] = 26.1736126404

b = popt[1] = 0.440755784363

Modified Exponential Fit: y = (a*(x**b)) + c

a = popt[0] = 17.1988418238

b = popt[1] = 0.501625165466

c = popt[2] = 22.6584645232

注意：使用ax.set_xscale(‘log’)在图上隐藏x = 0的点,但这些点确实有助于拟合.