button渐变色 ios_ios实现颜色渐变的几种方法

1. CAGradientLayer实现渐变

CAGradientLayer是CALayer的一个特殊子类，用于生成颜色渐变的图层，使用较为方便，下面介绍下它的相关属性：

colors 渐变的颜色

locations 渐变颜色的分割点

startPoint&endPoint 颜色渐变的方向，范围在(0,0)与(1.0,1.0)之间，如(0,0)(1.0,0)代表水平方向渐变,(0,0)(0,1.0)代表竖直方向渐变

CAGradientLayer *gradientLayer = [CAGradientLayer layer];

gradientLayer.colors = @[(__bridge id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor, (__bridge id)[UIColor yellowColor].CGColor, (__bridge id)[UIColor blueColor].CGColor];

gradientLayer.locations = @[@0.3, @0.5, @1.0];

gradientLayer.startPoint = CGPointMake(0, 0);

gradientLayer.endPoint = CGPointMake(1.0, 0);

gradientLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 100, 300, 100);

[self.view.layer addSublayer:gradientLayer];

CAGradientLayer实现渐变标间简单直观，但存在一定的局限性，比如无法自定义整个渐变区域的形状，如环形、曲线形的渐变。

2. Core Graphics相关方法实现渐变

iOS Core Graphics中有两个方法用于绘制渐变颜色，CGContextDrawLinearGradient可以用于生成线性渐变，CGContextDrawRadialGradient用于生成圆半径方向颜色渐变。函数可以自定义path，无论是什么形状都可以，原理都是用来做Clip，所以需要在CGContextClip函数前调用CGContextAddPath函数把CGPathRef加入到Context中。

另外一个需要注意的地方是渐变的方向，方向是由两个点控制的，点的单位就是坐标。因此需要正确从CGPathRef中找到正确的点，方法当然有很多种看具体实现，本例中，我就是简单得通过调用CGPathGetBoundingBox函数，返回CGPathRef的矩形区域，然后根据这个矩形取两个点，读者可以根据自行需求修改具体代码。

1-> 线性渐变

- (void)drawLinearGradient:(CGContextRef)context

path:(CGPathRef)path

startColor:(CGColorRef)startColor

endColor:(CGColorRef)endColor

{

CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();

CGFloat locations[] = { 0.0, 1.0 };

NSArray *colors = @[(__bridge id) startColor, (__bridge id) endColor];

CGGradientRef gradient = CGGradientCreateWithColors(colorSpace, (__bridge CFArrayRef) colors, locations);

CGRect pathRect = CGPathGetBoundingBox(path);

//具体方向可根据需求修改

CGPoint startPoint = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMinX(pathRect), CGRectGetMidY(pathRect));

CGPoint endPoint = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMaxX(pathRect), CGRectGetMidY(pathRect));

CGContextSaveGState(context);

CGContextAddPath(context, path);

CGContextClip(context);

CGContextDrawLinearGradient(context, gradient, startPoint, endPoint, 0);

CGContextRestoreGState(context);

CGGradientRelease(gradient);

CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace);

}

- (void)viewDidLoad

{

[super viewDidLoad];

// Do any additional setup after loading the view.

//创建CGContextRef

UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(self.view.bounds.size);

CGContextRef gc = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();

//创建CGMutablePathRef

CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable();

//绘制Path

CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 100, 300, 200);

CGPathMoveToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMinX(rect), CGRectGetMinY(rect));

CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMidX(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect));

CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetWidth(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect));

CGPathCloseSubpath(path);

//绘制渐变

[self drawLinearGradient:gc path:path startColor:[UIColor greenColor].CGColor endColor:[UIColor redColor].CGColor];

//注意释放CGMutablePathRef

CGPathRelease(path);

//从Context中获取图像，并显示在界面上

UIImage *img = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();

UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

UIImageView *imgView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];

[self.view addSubview:imgView];

}

2-> 圆半径方向渐变

- (void)drawRadialGradient:(CGContextRef)context

path:(CGPathRef)path

startColor:(CGColorRef)startColor

endColor:(CGColorRef)endColor

{

CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();

CGFloat locations[] = { 0.0, 1.0 };

NSArray *colors = @[(__bridge id) startColor, (__bridge id) endColor];

CGGradientRef gradient = CGGradientCreateWithColors(colorSpace, (__bridge CFArrayRef) colors, locations);

CGRect pathRect = CGPathGetBoundingBox(path);

CGPoint center = CGPointMake(CGRectGetMidX(pathRect), CGRectGetMidY(pathRect));

CGFloat radius = MAX(pathRect.size.width / 2.0, pathRect.size.height / 2.0) * sqrt(2);

CGContextSaveGState(context);

CGContextAddPath(context, path);

CGContextEOClip(context);

CGContextDrawRadialGradient(context, gradient, center, 0, center, radius, 0);

CGContextRestoreGState(context);

CGGradientRelease(gradient);

CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace);

}

- (void)viewDidLoad

{

[super viewDidLoad];

// Do any additional setup after loading the view.

//创建CGContextRef

UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(self.view.bounds.size);

CGContextRef gc = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();

//创建CGMutablePathRef

CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable();

//绘制Path

CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 100, 300, 200);

CGPathMoveToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMinX(rect), CGRectGetMinY(rect));

CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetMidX(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect));

CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetWidth(rect), CGRectGetMaxY(rect));

CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, NULL, CGRectGetWidth(rect), CGRectGetMinY(rect));

CGPathCloseSubpath(path);

//绘制渐变

[self drawRadialGradient:gc path:path startColor:[UIColor greenColor].CGColor endColor:[UIColor redColor].CGColor];

//注意释放CGMutablePathRef

CGPathRelease(path);

//从Context中获取图像，并显示在界面上

UIImage *img = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();

UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

UIImageView *imgView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];

[self.view addSubview:imgView];

}

3. 以CAShapeLayer作为layer的mask属性

CALayer的mask属性可以作为遮罩让layer显示mask遮住(非透明)的部分；CAShapeLayer为CALayer的子类，通过path属性可以生成不同的形状，将CAShapeLayer对象用作layer的mask属性的话，就可以生成不同形状的图层。故生成颜色渐变有以下几个步骤：

生成一个imageView(也可以为layer)，image的属性为颜色渐变的图片

生成一个CAShapeLayer对象，根据path属性指定所需的形状

将CAShapeLayer对象赋值给imageView的mask属性

- (void)viewDidLoad

{

[super viewDidLoad];

[self.view addSubview:self.firstCircle];

_firstCircle.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 200);

_firstCircle.center = CGPointMake(CGRectGetWidth(self.view.bounds) / 2.0, CGRectGetHeight(self.view.bounds) / 2.0);

CGFloat firsCircleWidth = 5;

self.firstCircleShapeLayer = [self generateShapeLayerWithLineWidth:firsCircleWidth];

_firstCircleShapeLayer.path = [self generateBezierPathWithCenter:CGPointMake(100, 100) radius:100].CGPath;

_firstCircle.layer.mask = _firstCircleShapeLayer;

}

- (CAShapeLayer *)generateShapeLayerWithLineWidth:(CGFloat)lineWidth

{

CAShapeLayer *waveline = [CAShapeLayer layer];

waveline.lineCap = kCALineCapButt;

waveline.lineJoin = kCALineJoinRound;

waveline.strokeColor = [UIColor redColor].CGColor;

waveline.fillColor = [[UIColor clearColor] CGColor];

waveline.lineWidth = lineWidth;

waveline.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor].CGColor;

return waveline;

}

- (UIBezierPath *)generateBezierPathWithCenter:(CGPoint)center radius:(CGFloat)radius

{

UIBezierPath *circlePath = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithArcCenter:center radius:radius startAngle:0 endAngle:2*M_PI clockwise:NO];

return circlePath;

}

- (UIImageView *)firstCircle

{

if (!_firstCircle) {

self.firstCircle = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"circleBackground"]];

_firstCircle.layer.masksToBounds = YES;

_firstCircle.alpha = 1.0;

}

return _firstCircle;

}

demo地址：https://github.com/xiaochaofeiyu/YSCAnimation

在YSCNewVoiceWaveView与YSCVoiceLoadingCircleView中