![93141a54d421b75c5066efc24b57b6ab.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/102d8259c51a4a39eb130586bd23e931.jpeg)
当热辐射穿过介质时,如果介质对辐射产生吸收、发射或散射等作用,则认为该介质参与了辐射过程。本文我们介绍了使用多个方向的离散集方法计算热辐射的散射模型,并深入讨论了离散化方法。
参与介质中的散射
当空气粒子与太阳辐照相互作用时,大气层就是参与介质。能量的吸收和释放是由于分子或原子尺度上的能量转移引起的,而散射则是因参与介质分子对入射能量的衍射、反射和折射(参考文献1)作用导致入射能量在空间中重新分布。下图示例显示了参与介质与入射辐射的相互作用。
![0bba689fd5852150a80601d618f80ba2.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/803da8e0362cd11d3d63176c7d9663fa.jpeg)
在 COMSOL Multiphysics® 软件的附加产品——传热模块中,我们可以通过离散坐标法 将辐射传递方程离散化。该方法基于辐射的离散方向数量以及用于数值积分的相关正交权重建立。一系列离散方向和关联的正交权重的组合称为正交集。下面,我们将解释和比较 COMSOL 软件中不同物理场接口的正交集,这些接口用于吸收介质中的辐射以及与参与介质中的辐射传热。
首先,以参与介质为例。辐射强度
![equation?tex=I](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/b1bc50890338d82b9a5cd146970b8e93.png)
![equation?tex=%7B%5Cbf+s%7D](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/3cefd916bc86b5f7ff49b74e9e409119.png)
(1)
![equation?tex=%5Cbegin%7Bsplit%7D%7B%5Cbf+s%7D+%5Ccdot+%5Cnabla+I%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29+%26+%3D+%5Ckappa+I_%7B%5Crm+b%7D%28T%29+-+%28%5Ckappa+%2B+%5Csigma_%7B%5Crm+s%7D%29I%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29+%2B+%5Cmathcal%7BS%7D%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29%2C%5C%5C+%5Cmathcal%7BS%7D%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29+%26+%3D+%5Cfrac%7B%5Csigma_s%7D%7B4%5Cpi%7D+%5Cint+%5Climits_0%5E%7B4%5Cpi%7D%5Cphi%28%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%27%29I%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%27%29d%5COmega%27%2C+%5Cend%7Bsplit%7D%5C%5C](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/60412b34dadc9dfa97c31f9cb54464dd.png)
![equation?tex=%5Ckappa](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/c5cde6e366816d52e2addaa3be0d53f1.png)
![equation?tex=%5Csigma_%7B%5Crm+s%7D](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/2e8ccf36d489f4b47a81f5600868c683.png)
![equation?tex=d+%5COmega%3D%5Csin%5Cpsi+d+%5Cpsi+d+%5Cvarphi](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/eb4081e7e4e70b0ff6f381b996888968.png)
![equation?tex=%5Cpsi](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/35a08b2431f5e28bbc8f9377d48fe2c3.png)
![equation?tex=%5Cvarphi](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/3f5084917783e8ee20f8ab27f9808bb0.png)
![equation?tex=%7B%5Cbf+s%7D](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/3cefd916bc86b5f7ff49b74e9e409119.png)
![equation?tex=%5Cpsi](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/35a08b2431f5e28bbc8f9377d48fe2c3.png)
![equation?tex=%5Cvarphi](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/3f5084917783e8ee20f8ab27f9808bb0.png)
![equation?tex=%5Ckappa+I+%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29+](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/c5cde6e366816d52e2addaa3be0d53f1.png+I+%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29+)
![equation?tex=%5Ckappa+I_%7B%5Crm+b%7D+%28T%29+](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/c5cde6e366816d52e2addaa3be0d53f1.png+I_%7B%5Crm+b%7D+%28T%29+)
![equation?tex=%5Cmathcal%7BS%7D+%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29+](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/56f662391e1701cc60e3cb93a47089cb.png)
![equation?tex=+%7B%5Cbf+s%7D+](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/13408dd09b0e0b8323a298fdfe49b886.png)
![equation?tex=%5Csigma_%7B%5Crm+s%7D+I+%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29+](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/2e8ccf36d489f4b47a81f5600868c683.png+I+%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29+)
![equation?tex=%7B%5Cbf+s%7D+](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/3cefd916bc86b5f7ff49b74e9e409119.png+)
对积分项
![equation?tex=%5Cmathcal%7BS%7D+](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8e41e92710352ad7b9fe9830f00ea6e3.png)
![equation?tex=n+](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/b28717e414ef1fce519e37d7ca9ed919.png)
![equation?tex=+%7B%5Cbf+s%7D_i](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/28d2f8877668c968d3f3d1ad4e2a3c7f.png)
![equation?tex=%7B%5Cbf+%5Comega%7D_i](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1a9487263bca2ff012431b83941bca6c.png)
![equation?tex=%5Cbig%28%28%5Comega_i%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D_i%29%5Cbig%29_%7B1+%5Cleq+i+%5Cleq+n%7D](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/0d0f37a26c47ae7b29524203323a1272.png)
![equation?tex=%5Cint+%5Climits_%7B0%7D%5E%7B%5Cpi%7D+%5Cint+%5Climits_%7B0%7D%5E%7B2%5Cpi%7D+%5Csin+%5Cpsi+d%5Cpsi+d%5Cvarphi+%3D+%5Cint+%5Climits_0%5E%7B4%5Cpi%7D+d+%5COmega+%5Capprox+%5Csum_i+%5CDelta+%5COmega_i+%5Capprox+%5Csum_i+%5Comega_i.%5C%5C](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/7cdd82ef694aa32f73fa516453005214.png)
为了求解在参与介质中任一点沿离散方向
![equation?tex=%28%7B%5Cbf+s%7D_i%29_%7B1%5Cleq+i+%5Cleq+n%7D+](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/f5f39fe0329e0a7ac80fcbce9c9a4dde.png)
![equation?tex=G](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/537779473586e5644d84c35d21ad2db6.png)
![equation?tex=G%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%29%3D%5Cint+I%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29+d%5COmega](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/537779473586e5644d84c35d21ad2db6.png%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%29%3D%5Cint+I%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29+d%5COmega)
![equation?tex=%7B%5Cbf+q%7D_%7B%5Crm+r%7D%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%29%3D%5Cint+I%28%7B%5Cbf+r%7D%2C%7B%5Cbf+s%7D%29+%7B%5Cbf+s%7D+d%5COmega](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6b5b5e982cd43fa8a8947e02127224e6.png)
(2)