流程图比较少考，话说平时一个月必须考一次流程或是地图题。相对其他的类型小作文，很多人会觉得流程图和地图题比较难写，这两天给大家整理了一下这类题的写法。
【干货篇】——你们的魔鬼，地图题来啦！
流程图6点写作要领：
1. 首先找到流程图的起点，终点，再仔细看过程。所谓流程嘛，肯定有一条线让你写的。2. 其次找到图上已标出的那些英文单词，如果出现生词，尽量猜测。无词，用自己的语言。进行改写，一般是讲名词改成动词，或反之。3. 按照步骤，分段描述，千万不能省略任何一步。4. 句子之间一定记得流畅合理的表示顺序的关联词。要不然就成了一对字的流水账了。5. 句型可以搭配被动，西方写作中比较中意用被动，以及主语从句(例如：It can be seen from the graph that…)。6. 时态要使用一般现在时。
例文分析1:
以下就是写作顺序以及词汇案例，大家可以模仿参考以下写作逻辑：
开头：The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.
(所有的小作文第一句话都要用一般现在时。流程图必备三个词：process整个过程;stage阶段;step步骤)
起点：Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of South America, Africa and Indonesia.(开头不能一上来就直接介绍cacao tree,而是通过主题词chocolate引出，否则显得太唐突)
【流程图特点之一：介绍过程要使用一般现在时】【流程图特点之二：多多使用定语从句，将有关联的两句话连接。】【流程图特点之三：大量使用被动语态】The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.
【流程图特点之四：使用一些表示顺序的连接词】when the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.(三个句子的并列：“句子A,句子B and 句子C”。)During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.
【流程图特点之五：要适当地添加个别图中没有交代但能从图片中直接读出来的一些内容，否则可能达不到字数要求。但是一定要把握尺度，千万不要加上自己的主观观点，否则会扣分】Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry. They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry. After this, the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.终点：After being roasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed. This part is not needed for making chocolate. Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.
【流程图特点之六：一般不需要写总结】
以下帮大家整理的一些流程图常用表达：
1.雅思流程图的重点词汇解析：
表述时间：in 10 daysduring the period of 10 daysThe process lasts for up to 10 daysafter 10 days10 days passed until something happened.
表示然后：then, next, in the next state, following that, after that, the next step in the stage is ....表示过程：process, procedure, formation, development
表示步骤：step, stage, phase时间阶段：after a period of …months/days/minutes, during…
顺序连词：first, first of all, in the first stage, initially, to begin withsecond, then, next, alsoafter that, at the same time, in the meantime, meanwhileprior to, untilthe first stage involves … / in the second stage / in the third stage /in the last stage / The next step in the stage is that…
目的连词：in order to / in order that; so as to / so that
2.常见动词：
produce生产，lay放置，accumulate积累，gather/collect收集，obtain获得，heat up加热，expand膨胀，bend弯曲，turn off关闭，cool down冷却，
disconnect断开连接，spin旋转/纺，strike打击， compress压缩，release释放， expand膨胀， move/flow流动， accelerate加速， form形成，
press按压， adjust调整， absorb吸收， form形成， process加工， rotate旋转， chop坎， grind磨(碎)/碾(碎)，light点燃， burn燃烧，
ignite点燃， reflect反光，turn转，starts开始， stops结束，records录音， turns up调高， turns down调低，winds缠绕, unwinds解开，revolves旋转，
fold折叠，unfold打开，reverse颠倒/倒转，adapt适应，adjust调整，alter改变，cure治愈，disappear消失，dissolve溶化/解散，exchange交换，
expand扩张/膨胀，fade退色，increase增长，promote促进/升职, reduce减少，renew使更新/使恢复，renovate革新/更新/修复，replace取代，
swell肿胀，switch改变，transform完全改变，vary改变，swap交换，shrink收缩，melt溶解，heal/cure治愈，form/come into being/take shape形成，
produce生产，gain/get/acquire获取，evaporate蒸发，volatilize挥发，draw提取，recycle回收，extract拔，absorb吸收，collect收集，
meet相遇，be made up of由...组成, be made of由...制成，be made from由…制成， feed on以...为食，depend on/rely on依赖，
release/send out释放，sort分类，separate分开，conveyed运送，cut into切成，poured into倒入，heated加热，melted into融化成，flows into流入
地图题地图题写作在很多书上都没有系统的指导，它有别于数据图，构思方面没有数据图那么复杂，但在语言驾驭，很多学生都感到很陌生。
地图题分两种，一种为地理变迁题，一种为选址题。首先我们来看地理变迁题，它描述的是一个地方（多为一个城镇）在一段时间的发展变化。下面我们来总结地理变迁题的写作要点。
地图题注意要点：1 .地图的起始点2 .方向很重要3 .认真阅读并尽量记住图中已有的信息
考察点：1 .方向方位路线顺序的把握2 .相对位置关系的描述和辨别3 .表方位的词或者词组主要是介词的用法4 .图中关键词的定位
开始写作注意点：（1）时态，不再像流程图那样锁定是一般现在时如果地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化，文章用一般过去时。如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势，文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化，可用现完成时。
（2）读题：读图标的含义，哪个是铁路，哪个是村庄等等都读明白了。要看清哪个是公路，哪个是铁路。有没有交叉点等等。确定写的顺序，是按变化写还是按位置写，还是两个的综合体。如果是要求描述变化，把明显的变化先划出，最好用词在图旁边描述，确定自己要写几点。句型多用被动语态。记得用关联的词和句子：
帮大家整理的以下列表达：
l be predicted/be expected to do…l It is obvious/notable/noticeableIt is easy to locate/to find that…It can be seen from the graph that…
A 在B 的东方/西方/南方/北方A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B(in 表A 在B 内部， ON 表A 和B接壤，TO 表A 和B 分开）
A 在B 内部的某个部位A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B.
A在B 西北部的120 千米处
A lies 120 km to the northwest of B.
A 在B…..角落
A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B ( at 表示A 在B 外部， in表A 在B 内部)
在河流或道路的南边/北边等On the south/southern side of the riverOn both sides of the roadOn the other side
临近马路的地区
The area adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the road
在道路或河流的最南端At the southern end of the river
A 在B 的对面A is on the opposite side of BA is opposite B
A 在B 东部的边界上（A 在B外部）A is on the eastern border of B
A 在B 东部边缘上 （A 在B 内部）A is on/ along the eastern edge of B
纵观历次雅思地图题写作，不难发现无非两位置方案的二选一或“某处事物新旧变迁的过程描述”两种。请注意，一定不要忘了要结合地图中所体现的“人文与地理环境”进行相互的“比较与对比”，且体现“比对结果”；而这里的比对，前者是“横向比对”，强调各自“优缺点比对”，后者则是“纵向比对”，强调“新旧变化”。解题思路有了，那么剩下的是语言上的事情了。
在语言上，请你注意以下几个方面：首先平时要多积累表示“方位、比对、变化”等方面的词汇和句子表达；其次，要注意时态的选择，“二选一”型常用一般现在时态，而“过程描述”型则要视题目而定，往往综合运用一般过去时态、一般现在时态和现在完成时态；
最后，要注意语态的把握，要主动与被动相互结合运用，记住适当被动能给考官好印象，但切忌出现人称代词。
下面是历年的一些流程图+地图题的考试原题目，还有精品范文哦，大家参考参考！~
1、流程图：软干酪的制作
出处：2014年5月10日雅思考试The flow chart shows the process of making soft cheese.
范文：The diagram provided demonstrates the process of soft cheese production, which includes several facilities and two raw materials.
The whole process consists of five main stages. In the first step, water and milk are poured into a mixer to be spun. Then, the mixed liquid is conveyed to a cooling container by a pipe. The mixture is cooled down at five degree Celsius in two hours. Next, salt is added to the mixture before the fermentation stage, where the temperature is adjusted to 37 degree centigrade. This stage lasts for 50 hours, during which the mixture becomes thicker.
In the fourth step, the thicker mixture is evaporated at 100 degree centigrade for 8 hours, while the steam comes out from the pipe above. In the last stage, the evaporated mixture is filtered and the water drips out, after which the soft cheese is finally produced.
Overall, the mixed liquid of milk and water becomes thicker along the stages and finally turns into soft cheese, with strict control of time and temperature.
备考建议流程图的过程注意分段，即分阶段。这个图有四个步骤，可以分两段，第一阶段到发酵前，发酵后液体变得粘稠，进入第二阶段。另外高分学员注意句型的变化和句子间的连接多样性。
2、流程图：玻璃的回收
出处：2014年1月11日雅思考试
The chart shows the process of glass recycling.
范文：
The flow chart illustrates how glass is recycled. The process is divided into three stages.
At the first stage, used glasses in various forms are dumped into a recycled bin. They are collected at a collection point and then transported by a truck to a cleaning plant.
At the processing stage, there are several steps to go. Firstly, at the cleaning plant, the dirty glass products have to be washed by high pressure water.Then they are classified according to their colours, namely brown, green or clear, before they are transferred to a recycling plant where they are heated in a furnace at an extremely high temperature until they are melted. The liquid recycled glass is added with a new one and the mixture is poured into a mould to be reshaped. After the liquid gets cool, it becomes solid and is packed carefully in a box.
At the final stage, the packed glasses in different shapes are delivered to supermarkets, ready for being sold to potential customers.
3、题型分类：流程图题目出处：2015年5月16日雅思考试
范文:The flow-chart gives information about how the whole beans are processed into the final products for the customers.
There are altogether three steps from picking beans to collecting the final products. Initially, the whole beans are picked from trees and their shells are removed, after which those beans are dried. At the next stage, we press the processed products in two ways: further pressing and further refining respectively. For the first method, after the additional pressing, cocoa cake would be ground. For the other, industrial chocolate with the combination of sugar would turn to final processing. At the last stage, after being ground, the cocoa powder would be for the consumers. The completed chocolate products, on the other hand, are for consumers as well. Besides, there is cocoa liquor for the industry of cakes and drinks.
Overall, the beans are altered into the final products with the above three phases.
4、题型分类：流程图
题目出处：2013年10月12日雅思考试
The graph shows the process of driving license application in the US.
范文:The flow chart given illustrates the process of applying for a driving license in the USA.
In the first stage, applicants have to visit the license center to fill an application form to apply for a driving license. After this, the candidates have to be tested about their eyesight for free. If they fail to meet the minimum requirement, no license is certificated.
If the eye test is passed, candidates need to pay fee for the following tests. First, a writing test about the traffic rules in America has to be taken, which is followed by a road test. Clearing both tests, the candidates can receive their driving license.
Unfortunately, some people may fail the writing test, and then another two writing tests can be sat. Passing any one of the two would send the test sitter back to the right track to take the driving test. However, in the case of three fails of the writing test, another round of payment and tests have to be done. This is also the case when someone stumbles at the last step—failing the driving test.
5、流程图：招聘的三种方式
出处：2014年3月8日雅思考试
The diagrams below give information of three methods to recruit new employees.
范文The diagrams demonstrate three approaches of recruitment, which includes both in-house and outsourcing processes.
The first and simplest method consists of three steps. Initially, the employer releases advertisements within the company. Following that, competent applicants are shortlisted for the interview, and then, those who successfully pass it are provided with job offers.
Similarly, the second strategy begins with advertising job vacancies in the press. After the screening phase, shortlisted candidates are divided into two groups who are either tested or interviewed. In the last stage, applicants who are selected by the company receive offers.
Different from the other two approaches, the company outsources the recruitment process to an external agency in the third method. Applicants are attracted through searches conducted by headhunters and advertisements published by the agency. Next, a list of candidates is presented to the employer, who conducts the following interview and sends offers to the qualified individuals.
To conclude, the first two methods are undertaken internally, while the third method is very complicated and involves external efforts.
相关练习素材及备考建议：最近的两次流程图出现在13年10月12日和14年的1月11日。流程图注意分段；时态为一般现在时，被动语态比较多用。
6、地图题：城市布局变迁
出处：2014年5月17日雅思考试
The two maps show the changes of a city from 1960 to now.
范文The two maps show the development of a city from 1960 to the present.
In 1960, the city was mainly based on the harbour and freight ships were moored in the northeast dock. To the east of the harbour was a business area, which was connected with the harbor and a stadium on the southern side of the river by trams. Moreover, two residential blocks were constructed at both the northern and southern ends of the city.
Several major changes to the city have been observed since then. In 2014, the residential area in the north has given way to an extended business area of the one in the east. The previous dock has been occupied by some newly built restaurants and bars. The original intersecting tram frame has been simplified to a single line. Some sports facilities have been constructed between the southern residential area and the stadium, which is now also linked with the old business area by a footbridge over the river.
To summarise, the landscape of the city has been rearranged, with more business replacing industry around the bay.
相关练习素材及备考建议地图题通常是地理变迁图，重点写变化。按照时间分段，两幅图两段。第一段主要是位置描述，时态为一般过去时，第二段主要写变化，时态为现在完成时或一般现在时。剑9 test 1属于类似的图表。
7、地图题：公园的过去和现在
出处：2014年6月21日雅思考试The two maps below give information of a village park between 10 years ago and now.
范文：The two maps show the changes of a village park between 2004 and 2014 after some construction.
In 2004, the entrance of the park faced to the northwestern. A large football pitch was sited in the middle of the park with other facilities around. Two tennis courts could be seen to the north. To the west of the pitch was located a car park, while to the east side was a children play area. A small pound and an area of woods were situated to the south.
Now, circled by a cycle path, the village shows several changes except the central football pitch. Two tennis courts and one children play area have been added to the previous ones and the parking area has been extended to be able to hold another 50 cars. On the contrary, the woods have been cleared and give way to a café and a toilet. Besides, the original small pound has been converted to a boating lake.
To conclude, the layout of the village has been rearranged in the decade, and consequently more leisure activities can be participated in the park.
8、地图题：学院布局变化
出处：2014年3月1日雅思考试
The map below gives information about a college at presentand its future view in 2015 after reconstruction.
范文
The two figures demonstrate the estimated changes of a college between 2014 and 2015.
At present, a garden lies in the northern part of the college and five car parks are located in the west. Both of them are linked to the school building by a footpath, while its entrance is in front of the garden. Inside the building, a lunch area and two classrooms lie in the western side, while one more classroom, a reception and a library are in the eastern part. For the southern edge, there is a toilet in the middle, and a bus stop on the southwestern corner, accessed by a road.
In 2015, several changes are expected to be witnessed. The garden and the footpath will be removed, since the teaching building will be extended. A new shop will be established in the building’s northwestern corner, and the library will be moved to the southwestern end. Between them, there will be the original lunch area and one classroom, while other four classrooms will be seen in the opposite side. The entrance will be rebuilt in the middle southern edge, adjacent to the bus stop, and the corridor behind it will be replaced by a reception.
To summarize, more rooms and car parks will be constructed in the college during the period.
（由于是在14年的考题，所以时态上和现在不同）
9、地图题：学院布局变化
题目出处：2014年8月16日雅思考试
The diagram shows the fire plan for the second floor of a student dorm building in a university. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparison where relevant.
地图题常用词组：
be divided into 被分割为
A is located on the north/south/east/west of B A坐落在B的北／南／东／西边
A is situated next to B A位于B的旁边
A is close to B A与B相邻
A is adjacent to B A 与B相邻
A is on the opposite side of B A在B对面
A is just off the main road A就在路边
A is newly built A是新建的
A is replaced by B A被B取代
A is located in the middle／centre／central area of B A在B的中间
范文：
The map illustrates the escape routes in case of fire on the second floor of a university dormitory. There are one lift, two stairways and seven bedrooms on this rectangle shape floor, all with access to the corridor in the center.
Once the building is on fire, the stairs on the south-west corner is convenient for the students living in the west part of the floor, specifically, Bedroom 1, 2 and 3 to escape through the corridor because Bedroom 1 and 2 are located in the northwest corner and Bedroom 3 is right opposite the stairway. When they rush out of the building, they can meet the others at the Meeting Point 1 outside the stairway.
Another stairway which is sited at the north side of floor, with the lift at the west and Bedroom 7 the east, offers another escaping way in case of fire. Bedroom 4, and 6 are on the south side of the corridor but face to this stairway, and Bedroom 5 is at the east side of the floor, next to Bedroom 6, therefore it is also easy for the dwellers in these three rooms to rush out. Once they get out of the building, they would meet at the Meeting Point 2 near the stair room.
地图题需要先分析布局特点，找出描述线索。然后分段。每幅图的结构特点不同，因此描述线索也不同。
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