问题
这个Java代码:
public class XYZ {
public static void main(){
int toyNumber = 5;
XYZ temp = new XYZ();
temp.play(toyNumber);
System.out.println("Toy number in main " + toyNumber);
}
void play(int toyNumber){
System.out.println("Toy number in play " + toyNumber);
toyNumber++;
System.out.println("Toy number in play after increement " + toyNumber);
}
}
将输出:
Toy number in play 5
Toy number in play after increement 6
Toy number in main 5
在C中我可以传递toyNumber变量作为参考传递以避免阴影,即创建如下相同变量的副本:
void main(){
int toyNumber = 5;
play(toyNumber);
cout << "Toy number in main " << toyNumber << endl;
}
void play(int &toyNumber){
cout << "Toy number in play " << toyNumber << endl;
toyNumber++;
cout << "Toy number in play after increement " << toyNumber << endl;
}
并且C输出将是这样的:
Toy number in play 5
Toy number in play after increement 6
Toy number in main 6
#1 热门回答(161 赞)
你有几个选择。最有意义的那个取决于你想要做什么。
选择1:使toyNumber成为类
class MyToy {
public int toyNumber;
}
中的公共成员变量
然后将对MyToy的引用传递给你的方法。
void play(MyToy toy){
System.out.println("Toy number in play " + toy.toyNumber);
toy.toyNumber++;
System.out.println("Toy number in play after increement " + toy.toyNumber);
}
选择2:返回值而不是通过引用传递
int play(int toyNumber){
System.out.println("Toy number in play " + toyNumber);
toyNumber++;
System.out.println("Toy number in play after increement " + toyNumber);
return toyNumber
}
这个选择需要对main中的callsite进行少量更改,以便读取,toyNumber = temp.play(toyNumber);。
选择3:使它成为类或静态变量
如果这两个函数是同一个类或类实例上的方法,则可以将toyNumber转换为类成员变量。
选择4:创建int类型的单个元素数组并传递
这被认为是hack,但有时用于从内联类调用返回值。
void play(int [] toyNumber){
System.out.println("Toy number in play " + toyNumber[0]);
toyNumber[0]++;
System.out.println("Toy number in play after increement " + toyNumber[0]);
}
#2 热门回答(25 赞)
Java不是通过引用调用it is按值调用仅
但是对象类型的所有变量实际上都是指针。
因此,如果你使用Mutable对象,你将看到所需的行为
public class XYZ {
public static void main(String[] arg) {
StringBuilder toyNumber = new StringBuilder("5");
play(toyNumber);
System.out.println("Toy number in main " + toyNumber);
}
private static void play(StringBuilder toyNumber) {
System.out.println("Toy number in play " + toyNumber);
toyNumber.append(" + 1");
System.out.println("Toy number in play after increement " + toyNumber);
}
}
输出此代码:
run:
Toy number in play 5
Toy number in play after increement 5 + 1
Toy number in main 5 + 1
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)
你也可以在标准库中看到此行为。例如Collections.sort(); Collections.shuffle();这些方法不会返回新列表,但会修改它的参数对象。
List mutableList = new ArrayList();
mutableList.add(1);
mutableList.add(2);
mutableList.add(3);
mutableList.add(4);
mutableList.add(5);
System.out.println(mutableList);
Collections.shuffle(mutableList);
System.out.println(mutableList);
Collections.sort(mutableList);
System.out.println(mutableList);
输出此代码:
run:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[3, 4, 1, 5, 2]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)
#3 热门回答(14 赞)
做一个
class PassMeByRef { public int theValue; }
然后将引用传递给它的实例。请注意,最好避免使用其参数改变状态的方法,尤其是在并行代码中。