动词-ing 的用法
一般式/完成式
⑴时态和语态
主动式与被动式
动词-ing形式⑵句法功能
(3)与不定式的比较
I. 动词-ing形式的时态和语态
(以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例)
语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go
主动语态被动语态主动语态
一般式making being made going
完成式having made having been made having gone
一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作;被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作;完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作;完成被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。
注:每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。
1.While walking in the street,we met some friends of ours
我在街上散步的时候遇到了我的一些老朋友。
2.The boy being scolded by the teacher is my friend.
那个正挨训的男孩是我的朋友。
3.Having done his homework,he turned off the light and went to bed.
完成作业之后,他关上灯睡觉去了。
4.Having been told many times, he finally understood it.
被告诉了许多次,他终于明白了。
5.Not having fully recovered from the operation, the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks.
手术后还没有完全康复,这位病人被建议再住院两周。