linux c文件位置,Linux C 从路径中分别获取目录和文件名的函数

1. 有两个SHELL命令有此功能:

dirname和basename

2. 同名的两个C函数:  (man 文档)

#include char *dirname(char *path);

char *basename(char *path);

DESCRIPTION

Warning: there are two different functions basename() - see below.

The functions dirname() and basename() break a null-terminated pathname

string into directory and filename  components.   In  the  usual  case,

dirname()  returns  the string up to, but not including, the final ’/’,

and basename() returns the component following the final ’/’.  Trailing

’/’ characters are not counted as part of the pathname.

If  path  does  not  contain  a slash, dirname() returns the string "."

while basename() returns a copy of path.  If path is  the  string  "/",

then both dirname() and basename() return the string "/".  If path is a

NULL pointer or points to an empty  string,  then  both  dirname()  and

basename() return the string ".".

Concatenating  the  string returned by dirname(), a "/", and the string

returned by basename() yields a complete pathname.

Both dirname() and basename() may  modify  the  contents  of  path,  so

copies should be passed to these functions.  Furthermore, dirname() and

basename() may return pointers to statically allocated memory which may

be overwritten by subsequent calls.

The  following  list  of  examples (taken from SUSv2) shows the strings

returned by dirname() and basename() for different paths:

path           dirname        basename

"/usr/lib"     "/usr"         "lib"

"/usr/"        "/"            "usr"

"usr"          "."            "usr"

"/"            "/"            "/"

"."            "."            "."

".."           "."            ".."