python颜色参数_Python中matplotlib的颜色及线条参数控制示例

原标题：Python中matplotlib的颜色及线条参数控制示例

Python画图的时候选色选点都可以直接参考这里的内容，matplotlib中有哪些命名颜色可供用于绘图？在matplotlib文档中找到一个列表，声明这些是唯一的名称：

b:blue

g:green

r:red

c:cyan

m:magenta

y:yellow

k:black

w:white

然而，我发现这些颜色也可以使用，至少在这种情况下:

scatter(X,Y, color='red')

scatter(X,Y, color='orange')

scatter(X,Y, color='darkgreen')

有一张图片显示所有标记的名称和描述，我希望它会对你有所帮助。

与matplotlib示例相比，我并没有做太多更改，下面是完整的代码。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from matplotlib import colors as mcolors

colors = dict(mcolors.BASE_COLORS, **mcolors.CSS4_COLORS)

# Sort colors by hue, saturation, value and name.

by_hsv = sorted((tuple(mcolors.rgb_to_hsv(mcolors.to_rgba(color)[:3])), name)

for name, color in colors.items())

sorted_names = [name for hsv, name in by_hsv]

n = len(sorted_names)

ncols = 4

nrows = n // ncols

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 10))

# Get height and width

X, Y = fig.get_dpi() * fig.get_size_inches()

h = Y / (nrows + 1)

w = X / ncols

for i, name in enumerate(sorted_names):

row = i % nrows

col = i // nrows

y = Y - (row * h) - h

xi_line = w * (col + 0.05)

xf_line = w * (col + 0.25)

xi_text = w * (col + 0.3)

ax.text(xi_text, y, name, fontsize=(h * 0.8),

horizontalalignment='left',

verticalalignment='center')

ax.hlines(y + h * 0.1, xi_line, xf_line,

color=colors[name], linewidth=(h * 0.8))

ax.set_xlim(0, X)

ax.set_ylim(0, Y)

ax.set_axis_off()

fig.subplots_adjust(left=0, right=1,

top=1, bottom=0,

hspace=0, wspace=0)

plt.show()

如果您想在使用matplotlib绘图时使用其他命名颜色，可以使用xkcd颜色名称，通过'xkcd：'前缀：

plt.plot([1,2], lw=4, c='xkcd:baby poop green')

现在您可以访问大量的命名颜色！https://www.linuxidc.com/tools/color/rgb/index.html

linestyle可选参数：

'-' solid line style

'--' dashed line style

'-.' dash-dot line style

':' dotted line style

marker可选参数：

'.' point marker

',' pixel marker

'o' circle marker

'v' triangle_down marker

'^' triangle_up marker

'<' triangle_left marker

'>' triangle_right marker

'1' tri_down marker

'2' tri_up marker

'3' tri_left marker

'4' tri_right marker

's' square marker

'p' pentagon marker

'*' star marker

'h' hexagon1 marker

'H' hexagon2 marker

'+' plus marker

'x' x marker

'D' diamond marker

'd' thin_diamond marker

'|' vline marker

'_' hline marker

matplotlib中color可用的颜色：

cnames = {

'aliceblue':'#F0F8FF',

'antiquewhite':'#FAEBD7',

'aqua':'#00FFFF',

'aquamarine':'#7FFFD4',

'azure':'#F0FFFF',

'beige':'#F5F5DC',

'bisque':'#FFE4C4',

'black':'#000000',

'blanchedalmond':'#FFEBCD',

'blue':'#0000FF',

'blueviolet':'#8A2BE2',

'brown':'#A52A2A',

'burlywood':'#DEB887',

'cadetblue':'#5F9EA0',

'chartreuse':'#7FFF00',

'chocolate':'#D2691E',

'coral':'#FF7F50',

'cornflowerblue':'#6495ED',

'cornsilk':'#FFF8DC',

'crimson':'#DC143C',

'cyan':'#00FFFF',

'darkblue':'#00008B',

'darkcyan':'#008B8B',

'darkgoldenrod':'#B8860B',

'darkgray':'#A9A9A9',

'darkgreen':'#006400',

'darkkhaki':'#BDB76B',

'darkmagenta':'#8B008B',

'darkolivegreen':'#556B2F',

'darkorange':'#FF8C00',

'darkorchid':'#9932CC',

'darkred':'#8B0000',

'darksalmon':'#E9967A',

'darkseagreen':'#8FBC8F',

'darkslateblue':'#483D8B',

'darkslategray':'#2F4F4F',

'darkturquoise':'#00CED1',

'darkviolet':'#9400D3',

'deeppink':'#FF1493',

'deepskyblue':'#00BFFF',

'dimgray':'#696969',

'dodgerblue':'#1E90FF',

'firebrick':'#B22222',

'floralwhite':'#FFFAF0',

'forestgreen':'#228B22',

'fuchsia':'#FF00FF',

'gainsboro':'#DCDCDC',

'ghostwhite':'#F8F8FF',

'gold':'#FFD700',

'goldenrod':'#DAA520',

'gray':'#808080',

'green':'#008000',

'greenyellow':'#ADFF2F',

'honeydew':'#F0FFF0',

'hotpink':'#FF69B4',

'indianred':'#CD5C5C',

'indigo':'#4B0082',

'ivory':'#FFFFF0',

'khaki':'#F0E68C',

'lavender':'#E6E6FA',

'lavenderblush':'#FFF0F5',

'lawngreen':'#7CFC00',

'lemonchiffon':'#FFFACD',

'lightblue':'#ADD8E6',

'lightcoral':'#F08080',

'lightcyan':'#E0FFFF',

'lightgoldenrodyellow':'#FAFAD2',

'lightgreen':'#90EE90',

'lightgray':'#D3D3D3',

'lightpink':'#FFB6C1',

'lightsalmon':'#FFA07A',

'lightseagreen':'#20B2AA',

'lightskyblue':'#87CEFA',

'lightslategray':'#778899',

'lightsteelblue':'#B0C4DE',

'lightyellow':'#FFFFE0',

'lime':'#00FF00',

'limegreen':'#32CD32',

'linen':'#FAF0E6',

'magenta':'#FF00FF',

'maroon':'#800000',

'mediumaquamarine':'#66CDAA',

'mediumblue':'#0000CD',

'mediumorchid':'#BA55D3',

'mediumpurple':'#9370DB',

'mediumseagreen':'#3CB371',

'mediumslateblue':'#7B68EE',

'mediumspringgreen':'#00FA9A',

'mediumturquoise':'#48D1CC',

'mediumvioletred':'#C71585',

'midnightblue':'#191970',

'mintcream':'#F5FFFA',

'mistyrose':'#FFE4E1',

'moccasin':'#FFE4B5',

'navajowhite':'#FFDEAD',

'navy':'#000080',

'oldlace':'#FDF5E6',

'olive':'#808000',

'olivedrab':'#6B8E23',

'orange':'#FFA500',

'orangered':'#FF4500',

'orchid':'#DA70D6',

'palegoldenrod':'#EEE8AA',

'palegreen':'#98FB98',

'paleturquoise':'#AFEEEE',

'palevioletred':'#DB7093',

'papayawhip':'#FFEFD5',

'peachpuff':'#FFDAB9',

'peru':'#CD853F',

'pink':'#FFC0CB',

'plum':'#DDA0DD',

'powderblue':'#B0E0E6',

'purple':'#800080',

'red':'#FF0000',

'rosybrown':'#BC8F8F',

'royalblue':'#4169E1',

'saddlebrown':'#8B4513',

'salmon':'#FA8072',

'sandybrown':'#FAA460',

'seagreen':'#2E8B57',

'seashell':'#FFF5EE',

'sienna':'#A0522D',

'silver':'#C0C0C0',

'skyblue':'#87CEEB',

'slateblue':'#6A5ACD',

'slategray':'#708090',

'snow':'#FFFAFA',

'springgreen':'#00FF7F',

'steelblue':'#4682B4',

'tan':'#D2B48C',

'teal':'#008080',

'thistle':'#D8BFD8',

'tomato':'#FF6347',

'turquoise':'#40E0D0',

'violet':'#EE82EE',

'wheat':'#F5DEB3',

'white':'#FFFFFF',

'whitesmoke':'#F5F5F5',

'yellow':'#FFFF00',

'yellowgreen':'#9ACD32'}

例子

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.subplots(1, 1)

x= range(100)

y= [i**2 for i in x]

plt.plot(x, y, linewidth = '2', label = 'www.linuxidc.com', color='coral', linestyle=':', marker='d')

plt.legend(loc='upper left')

plt.show()

说明：其实上面color='coral'中，可以换成color='#be03fd'，每两个十六进制数分别代表R、G、B分量：

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

xs = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 30)

ys = np.sin(xs)

markers_on = [12, 17, 18, 19]

plt.plot(xs, ys, '-gD', markevery=markers_on)

plt.show()

相关文档及代码可从以下信息得到下载：

进入这个http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-12/93755.htm 链接，关注后回复数字158053。即可得到下载地址。

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