python画箭头_python matplotlib quiver——画箭头、风场

importnumpy as npimportmatplotlib.pyplot as pltdeffunction(x):return np.sum(x**2)#return x[0]**2 + x[1]**2

def_numerical_gradient_no_batch(f,x):

h= 1e-4grad=np.zeros_like(x)for idx inrange(x.size):

tmp_va1=x[idx]

x[idx]= float(tmp_va1) +h

fxh1=f(x)

x[idx]= tmp_va1 -h

fxh2=f(x)

grad[idx]= (fxh1- fxh2)/(2*h)

x[idx]=tmp_va1print("grad:"+str(grad))returngraddefnumerical_gradient(f,X):if X.ndim == 1:return_numerical_gradient_no_batch(f,X)else:

grad=np.zeros_like(X)for idx,x inenumerate(X):

grad[idx]=_numerical_gradient_no_batch(f,x)returngraddeffunction_2(x):if x.ndim == 1:return np.sum(x **2)else:return np.sum(x**2,axis=1)deftangent_line(f,x):

d=numerical_gradient(f,x)print(d)

y= f(x) - d *xreturn lambda t : d * t +yprint(_numerical_gradient_no_batch(function_2,np.array([3.0,4.0])))print(numerical_gradient(function_2,np.array([3.0,4.0])))print(numerical_gradient(function_2,np.array([[3.0,4.0],[0.0,2.0],[3.0,0.0]])))if __name__ =='__main__':

x0= np.arange(-2,2.5,0.25)

x1=np.arange(-2,2.5,0.25)

X,Y=np.meshgrid(x0,x1)

X=X.flatten()

Y=Y.flatten()

grad=numerical_gradient(function_2,np.array([X,Y]))

plt.figure()

plt.quiver(X,Y,-grad[0],-grad[1],angles="xy",color="#666666")

plt.xlim([-2,2])

plt.ylim([-2,2])

plt.xlabel('x0')

plt.ylabel('x1')

plt.grid()

plt.legend()

plt.draw()

plt.show()