树莓派源码安装mysql8_记录在树莓派上编译安装LNMP环境全过程

树莓派体积小巧，但也限制了其性能。这使得在树莓派上只能选择资源占用较小的服务。如果用作HTTP服务器，Apache+MySQL就未免太臃肿了。在这里，推荐的配合是Nginx+MairaDB

1.准备

设备：树莓派3 Model B

系统：raspbian

2.下载Nginx/PCRE/OpenSSL源码包

3.安装

创建一个目录用来存放源码，然后将下载的源码解压后放进去：

mkdir code

mv *.tar.gz ./code

cd code

tar -zxvf *.tar.gz

pi@raspberrypi:~/code $ ls

nginx-1.12.1 pcre-8.41 openssl-1.1.0f.tar.gz

1.安装PCRE/Nginx

进入PCRE源码目录，执行

./configure

：

pi@raspberrypi:~/code $ cd pcre-8.41/

pi@raspberrypi:~/code/pcre-8.41 $ sudo ./configure

进入Nginx源码目录，编译安装Nginx：

./configure \

--prefix=/etc/nginx \

--with-pcre=/home/code/pcre-8.41 \

--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \

--with-http_ssl_module \

--with-openssl=/home/code/openssl-1.1.0f

其中在

--with-pcre=

指定的是pcre的源码目录。

--with-openssl=

指向openssl的源码目录。

然后开始编译：

make && sudo make install

如果编译时出现问题，可能是PCRE源码的问题，改用apt-get安装pcre即可：

sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev

，然后在Nginx源码目录下执行

./configure --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=/openssl

，再执行

make && sudo make install

。

然后静静等待编译完成。

编译完成后，启动Nginx:

sudo /usr/local/sbin/nginx

在浏览器中访问树莓派的地址，出现下图说明安装成功。

2.安装PHP

①apt-get安装(via:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000008664157)

在/etc/apt/source.list中添加一行：

deb http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi

接着创建一个文件 sudo vi /etc/apt/preferences，添加以下内容：

Package: *

Pin: release n=jessie

Pin-Priority: 600

更新源，安装PHP：

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -t stretch php7.0 php7.0-curl php7.0-gd php7.0-fpm php7.0-cli php7.0-opcache php7.0-mbstring php7.0-xml php7.0-zip

安装好之后执行 php -v 可以查看版本。

②源码安装

将下载的源码解压到之前创建的目录中：

cd code

wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-7.0.23.tar.gz/from/this/mirror

tar -zxvf php-7.0.23.tar.gz

安装依赖：

sudo apt-get install libxml2* libbz2-dev libjpeg-dev libmcrypt-dev libxslt1-dev libxslt1.1 libpq-dev build-essential git make

添加php用户和组：

groupadd -r www && useradd -r -g www -s /bin/false -d /usr/local/php -M php

编译配置：

./configure \

--prefix=/usr/local/php \

--exec-prefix=/usr/local/php \

--bindir=/usr/local/php/bin \

--sbindir=/usr/local/php/sbin \

--includedir=/usr/local/php/include \

--libdir=/usr/local/php/lib/php \

--mandir=/usr/local/php/php/man \

--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \

--with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \

--with-mcrypt=/usr/include \

--with-mhash \

--with-openssl \

--with-mysql=shared,mysqlnd \

--with-mysqli=shared,mysqlnd \

--with-pdo-mysql=shared,mysqlnd \

--with-gd \

--with-iconv \

--with-zlib \

--enable-zip \

--enable-inline-optimization \

--disable-debug \

--disable-rpath \

--enable-shared \

--enable-xml \

--enable-bcmath \

--enable-shmop \

--enable-sysvsem \

--enable-mbregex \

--enable-mbstring \

--enable-ftp \

--enable-gd-native-ttf \

--enable-pcntl \

--enable-sockets \

--with-xmlrpc \

--enable-soap \

--without-pear \

--with-gettext \

--enable-session \

--with-curl \

--with-freetype-dir \

--enable-opcache \

--enable-redis \

--enable-fpm \

--enable-fastcgi \

--with-fpm-user=www \

--with-fpm-group=www \

--without-gdbm \

--with-fpm-user=nginx \

--with-fpm-group=nginx \

--disable-fileinfo

时间还是有些长的，耐心等待，configure完后就可以继续编译了：

make && sudo make install

配置php-fpm：

cd /usr/local/php/etc

cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d

cp www.conf.default www.conf

启动php-fpm:

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm

3.安装MairaDB/MySQL

①apt-get安装MairaDB

sudo apt-get install mariadb-server

安装过程中会提示设置MariaDB的密码：

稍等，MairaDB就安装完毕了。使用以下命令就可以登陆MariaDB：

mysql -u root -p

②编译安装MariaDB

MariaDB不使用./configure的方式编译配置，而是使用cmake，所以需要先安装cmake工具。

wget https://cmake.org/files/v3.5/cmake-3.5.2-Linux-i386.tar.gz #下载cmake源码

tar -zxvf *.tar.gz #解压源码

cd cmake-3.5.2 #进入源码目录

./configure #编译配置

sudo make && sudo make install #编译并安装

编译cmake的过程有些漫长，耐心等待。完成后查看是否已经正常安装：

pi@raspberrypi:~/cmake-3.5.2 $ cmake --version

cmake version 3.5.2

CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

开始安装MairDB，首先添加用户和组：

sudo groupadd mysql

sudo useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql #创建mariadb用户

检查创建的用户：

pi@raspberrypi:~/cmake-3.5.2 $ tail -1 /etc/passwd

mysql:x:1001:1001::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin

下载完后解压，进入源码目录。使用cmake配置源码：

cmake . \

-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release \

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr/local/mysql \

-DENABLE_DEBUG_SYNC:BOOL=OFF \

-DMYSQL_DATADIR:PATH=/var/lib/mysql \

-DUSE_ARIA_FOR_TMP_TABLES:BOOL=ON \

-DWITHOUT_PBXT_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON \

-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON \

-DWITH_ARIA_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON \

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=OFF \

-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER:BOOL=OFF \

-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=all \

-DWITH_FEDERATEDX_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=OFF \

-DWITH_FEEDBACK:BOOL=OFF \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON \

-DWITH_LIBWRAP:BOOL=OFF \

-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON \

-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE:BOOL=ON \

-DWITH_SSL:STRING=system \

-DWITH_ZLIB:STRING=system

编译安装(

-j4

:同时使用4线程，这是为了提高编译的速度，编译时会同时跑满树莓派的4个核心，所以如果你的树莓派没有散热措施，建议不要使用这个选项)：

sudo make -j4 && sudo make install

这个过程仍然十分漫长……两个小时左右。(如果可以的话，建议用交叉编译环境)

完成安装后，要对MairaDB进一步地配置：

mkdir /var/run/mysqld

mkdir /var/log/mysql

mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql

mkdir /etc/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld/

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql/

chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/

复制配置文件：

cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

修改root用户密码：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'password'

附录

PHP的推荐配置文件(via:TypeCodes)

php.ini

php.ini是php运行核心配置文件：

######避免PHP信息暴露在http头中

expose_php = Off

######避免暴露php调用mysql的错误信息

display_errors = Off

######在关闭display_errors后开启PHP错误日志(路径在php-fpm.conf中配置)

log_errors = On

######设置PHP的扩展库路径

extension_dir = "/usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20141001/"

######设置PHP的opcache和mysql动态库

zend_extension=opcache.so

extension=mysqli.so

extension=pdo_mysql.so

######设置PHP的时区

date.timezone = PRC

######开启opcache

[opcache]

; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled

opcache.enable=1

######设置PHP脚本允许访问的目录(需要根据实际情况配置)

;open_basedir = /usr/share/nginx/html;

php-fpm.conf

php-fpm.conf是php-fpm进程服务的配置文件：

######设置错误日志的路径

error_log = /var/log/php-fpm/error.log

######引入www.conf文件中的配置

include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf

www.conf(位于php-fpm.d目录)

www.conf这是php-fpm进程服务的扩展配置文件：

######设置用户和用户组

user = nginx

group = nginx

######根据nginx.conf中的配置fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;设置PHP监听

; listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 #####不建议使用

listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock

######开启慢日志

slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/$pool-slow.log

request_slowlog_timeout = 10s

######设置php的session目录(所属用户和用户组都是nginx)

php_value[session.save_handler] = files

php_value[session.save_path] = /var/lib/php/session

适用于ownCloud/Nextcloud的Nginx配置文件

upstream php-handler {

server 127.0.0.1:9000;

#server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;

}

server {

listen 80;

server_name cloud.dreampacific.cn;

# enforce https

return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;

}

server {

listen 443 ssl;

server_name cloud.dreampacific.cn;

ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt;

ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key;

# Add headers to serve security related headers

# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this

# topic first.

add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;

includeSubDomains; preload;";

add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;

add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";

add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";

add_header X-Robots-Tag none;

add_header X-Download-Options noopen;

add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;

# Path to the root of your installation

root /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/;

location = /robots.txt {

allow all;

log_not_found off;

access_log off;

}

# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.

# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.

#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;

#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json

# last;

location = /.well-known/carddav {

return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;

}

location = /.well-known/caldav {

return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;

}

# set max upload size

client_max_body_size 512M;

fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

# Disable gzip to avoid the removal of the ETag header

gzip off;

# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module

# This module is currently not supported.

#pagespeed off;

error_page 403 /core/templates/403.php;

error_page 404 /core/templates/404.php;

location / {

rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;

}

location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {

deny all;

}

location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {

deny all;

}

location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+|core/templates/40[34])\.php(?:$|/) {

include fastcgi_params;

fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;

fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

#Avoid sending the security headers twice

fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;

fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;

fastcgi_pass php-handler;

fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

fastcgi_request_buffering off;

}

location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {

try_files $uri/ =404;

index index.php;

}

# Adding the cache control header for js and css files

# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block

location ~* \.(?:css|js)$ {

try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;

add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=7200";

# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to

# have those duplicated to the ones above)

# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into

# this topic first.

add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;

includeSubDomains; preload;";

add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;

add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";

add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";

add_header X-Robots-Tag none;

add_header X-Download-Options noopen;

add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;

# Optional: Don't log access to assets

access_log off;

}

location ~* \.(?:svg|gif|png|html|ttf|woff|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {

try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;

# Optional: Don't log access to other assets

access_log off;

}

}