在Python和所有其他面向对象编程(OOP)语言的上下文中,对象有两个主要特征:状态和行为。在
可以将构造函数看作是一个工厂,它创建一个具有状态和行为的对象实例。在
State - Any instance or class variables associated to that object.
Behavior - Any instance or class methods
下面是一个用Python编写的类的示例,用于说明其中的一些概念。在class Dog:
SOUND = 'woof'
def __init__(self, name):
"""Creates a new instance of the Dog class.
This is the constructor in Python.
The underscores are pronounced dunder so this function is called
dunder init.
"""
# this is an instance variable.
# every time you instantiate an object (call the constructor)
# you must provide a name for the dog
self._name = name
def name(self):
"""Gets the name of the dog."""
return self._name
@classmethod
def bork(cls):
"""Makes the noise Dogs do.
Look past the @classmethod as this is a more advanced feature of Python.
Just know that this is how you would create a class method in Python.
This is a little hairy.
"""
print(cls.SOUND)
虽然我同意这个问题有点模糊的评论。请更具体一点,但我提供的答案是Python中的类和对象的快速概述。在