python中font的用法_Python3 PIL使用font字体错误

在项目中试用PIL生成验证码时，在win10环境下安装PIL，项目运行时能正常生成二维码，在Centos7环境下报错：

File "./ClothStore/captcha/captcha.py", line 123, in

for size in font_sizes or (65, 70, 75)])

File "/home/ClothStore/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PIL/ImageFont.py", line 655, in truetype

return freetype(font)

File "/home/ClothStore/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PIL/ImageFont.py", line 652, in freetype

return FreeTypeFont(font, size, index, encoding, layout_engine)

File "/home/ClothStore/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PIL/ImageFont.py", line 194, in __init__

font, size, index, encoding, layout_engine=layout_engine

OSError: cannot open resource

本文介绍如何解决该过程的方法。

1. 确定错误类型

根据错误信息，OSError: cannot open resource发现应该是资源文件没有找到，用vim打开文件/home/ClothStore/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PIL/ImageFont.py，更加错误提示跳转到194行，

if isPath(font):

if sys.platform == "win32":

font_bytes_path = font if isinstance(font, bytes) else font.encode()

try:

font_bytes_path.decode("ascii")

except UnicodeDecodeError:

# FreeType cannot load fonts with non-ASCII characters on Windows

# So load it into memory first

with open(font, "rb") as f:

load_from_bytes(f)

return

self.font = core.getfont(

font, size, index, encoding, layout_engine=layout_engine

)

else:

load_from_bytes(font)

错误信息在下面这一行，说明字体资源文件没找到，定位的问题是：资源文件缺失

self.font = core.getfont(font, size, index, encoding,layout_engine=layout_engine)

再用vim打开报错文件./ClothStore/captcha/captcha.py，跳转到错误行123，

class Captcha(object):

def __init__(self):

self._bezier = Bezier()

self._dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)

# self._captcha_path = os.path.join(self._dir, '..', 'static', 'captcha')

@staticmethod

def instance():

if not hasattr(Captcha, "_instance"):

Captcha._instance = Captcha()

return Captcha._instance

def initialize(self, width=200, height=75, color=None, text=None, fonts=None):

# self.image = Image.new('RGB', (width, height), (255, 255, 255))

self._text = text if text else random.sample(string.ascii_uppercase + string.ascii_uppercase + '3456789', 4)

self.fonts = fonts if fonts else \

[os.path.join(self._dir, 'fonts', font) for font in ['SIMYOU.TTF']]

self.width = width

self.height = height

self._color = color if color else self.random_color(0, 200, random.randint(220, 255))

@staticmethod

def random_color(start, end, opacity=None):

red = random.randint(start, end)

green = random.randint(start, end)

blue = random.randint(start, end)

if opacity is None:

return red, green, blue

return red, green, blue, opacity

错误信息在下面这行，我们发现这里用到字体资源文件SIMYOU.TTF，可能在当前Centos7系统里面没有

self.fonts = fonts if fonts else [os.path.join(self._dir, 'fonts', font) for font in ['SIMYOU.TTF']]

我们用命令查找一下，find / -name SIMYOU.TTF

[root@6c53424032ec ClothStore]# find / -name SIMYOU.TTF

[root@6c53424032ec ClothStore]#

没有找到SIMYOU.TTF字体信息，现在可以确定是字体资源文件缺失导致报错提示信息。

2. 解决问题

我们在系统字体库路径/usr/share/fonts/gnu-free下选一下字体，

[root@6c53424032ec ClothStore]# ls /usr/share/fonts/gnu-free/

FreeMonoBoldOblique.ttf FreeMono.ttf FreeSansOblique.ttf FreeSerifBold.ttf .uuid

FreeMonoBold.ttf FreeSansBoldOblique.ttf FreeSans.ttf FreeSerifItalic.ttf

FreeMonoOblique.ttf FreeSansBold.ttf FreeSerifBoldItalic.ttf FreeSerif.ttf

我们把SIMYOU.TTF换成FreeMono.ttf，保存代码后重启程序，然后刷新一下页面，可以看到二维码图片出现了。

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