JAVA钓鱼游戏_5个小时写一个扑克牌游戏——金钩钓鱼

罗大佑有歌云：“无聊的日子总是会写点无聊的歌曲......”，我不是歌手，我是程序员，于是无聊的日子总是会写点无聊的程序。程序不能太大，不然没有时间完成；程序应该有趣，不然就达不到消磨时间的目的；程序应该有那么一点挑战性，不然即使写完了也没有进步。

金钩钓鱼游戏是我儿时经常玩的一种扑克牌游戏，规则非常简单，两个玩家，一旦牌发到手里之后，接下来每个人出什么牌基本上已经就定了，玩家没有自己做决策的机会，所以这个游戏很容易用程序自动模拟出来。

(一)关于金钩钓鱼游戏

基本规则(简化版)：两个玩家(Player)，一副扑克(Deck)，大小王(Joker)可要可不要，我们的游戏假定包含大小王，洗牌(Shuffle)之后，每个玩家得到同样数目的牌(27张)，玩家任何时候不能看自己手里的牌，玩家依次出牌，每次出一张，轮到自己出牌时，抽出自己手中最底下的一张牌放到牌桌(Board)上，牌桌上的牌按照玩家出牌的顺序摆成一条长链。J(钩)是最特殊的一张牌，当某个玩家出到J时，便将牌桌上的所有牌都归为己有，并放到自己牌池的最上面(与出牌时恰恰相反)，此即所谓“金钩钓鱼”，此时牌桌清空，再由此玩家重新出牌。另外，当自己出的牌与牌桌上的某张牌点数相同时，便将牌桌中那张牌及其之后的牌都归为己有(包含自己刚出的那张)，再由此玩家重新出牌，比如牌桌上的牌为3，7，8，4，9，当某个玩家出了8，便将牌桌上的8，4，9连同自己刚出的8一并收回，派桌上剩下3，7。最后，谁手中的牌最先出完，谁就输了。

(二)对于一副牌的建模

由于花色(Suit)对于此游戏并不重要，所以对扑克牌建模时省略了对花色的建模，同样，由于不需要比较大小，牌的点数(Rank)可以用String来表示(其中王用"W"表示)。

Card.java

package com.thoughtworks.davenkin.simplefishinggame;

public class Card {

private String rank;

public Card(String rank) {

this.rank = rank;

}

public String getRank() {

return rank;

}

}

一副扑克(Deck)由54张牌组成：

Deck.java

package com.thoughtworks.davenkin.simplefishinggame;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

public class Deck {

ArrayList cards = new ArrayList();

public Deck() {

buildDeck();

}

private void buildDeck() {

buildNumberCards();

buildCard("J");

buildCard("Q");

buildCard("K");

buildCard("A");

buildJokerCard();

}

private void buildJokerCard() {

cards.add(new Card("W"));

cards.add(new Card("W"));

}

private void buildNumberCards() {

for (int rank = 2; rank <= 10; rank++) {

buildCard(rank);

}

}

private void buildCard(int rank) {

for (int index = 1; index <= 4; index++) {

cards.add(new Card(String.valueOf(rank)));

}

}

private void buildCard(String rank) {

for (int index = 1; index <= 4; index++) {

cards.add(new Card(rank));

}

}

public ArrayList getCards() {

return cards;

}

public void shuffle() {

Collections.shuffle(cards);

}

}

Deck不仅包含54张牌，还定义了洗牌(shuffle)等方法。

(三)对玩家的建模

玩家(Player)有自己的名字和自己手中所剩的牌，最重要的是出牌(playCard)成员方法：

Player.java

package com.thoughtworks.davenkin.simplefishinggame;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

public class Player {

ArrayList cards = new ArrayList();

String name;

public Player(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public ArrayList getCards() {

return cards;

}

public void obtainCards(List cardsToAdd) {

cards.addAll(cardsToAdd);

}

public void playCard(Board board) {

board.addCard(cards.get(0));

System.out.println(name + " played " + cards.get(0).getRank());

board.displayCards();

cards.remove(0);

}

public void displayCards() {

System.out.print("Cards for " + name + ": ");

for (Card card : cards) {

System.out.print(card.getRank() + " ");

}

System.out.println();

}

}

游戏开始需要发牌，专门定义了一个CardDistributor来发牌，每个玩家得到相同数量的牌。当然，发牌动作应该在洗牌之后：

CardDistributor.java

package com.thoughtworks.davenkin.simplefishinggame;

import java.util.List;

public class CardDistributor {

public void distributeCards(Deck deck, List players) {

int cardsPerPlayer = deck.getCards().size() / players.size();

int startIndex = 0;

for (Player player : players) {

player.obtainCards(deck.getCards().subList(startIndex, cardsPerPlayer + startIndex));

startIndex += cardsPerPlayer;

}

}

}

玩家在出牌时，需要将自己手中的一张牌转移到牌桌上(Board)，而当Player出牌之后，牌桌应该确定是否有将被Player“钓”进的牌，于是在Borad中还定义了getCardsToBeFished方法:

Board.java

package com.thoughtworks.davenkin.simplefishinggame;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

public class Board {

ArrayList cards = new ArrayList();

public ArrayList getCards() {

return cards;

}

public void addCard(Card card) {

cards.add(card);

}

public List getCardsToBeFished() {

if (cards.size() == 1)

return null;

List cardsToBeFished;

Card lastCard = cards.get(cards.size() - 1);

if (lastCard.getRank().equals("J")) {

cardsToBeFished = cards;

} else {

cardsToBeFished = getCardsOfRangeFishing(lastCard);

}

return cardsToBeFished;

}

public void displayCards() {

System.out.print("Current cards on board:");

for (Card card : cards) {

System.out.print(card.getRank() + " ");

}

System.out.println();

}

public void removeFishedCards(List cardsToBeFished) {

int endIndex = getCards().indexOf(cardsToBeFished.get(0));

ArrayList newCards = new ArrayList();

newCards.addAll(cards.subList(0, endIndex));

cards = newCards;

}

private List getCardsOfRangeFishing(Card lastCard) {

int startIndex = -1;

for (Card card : cards) {

if (card == lastCard)

break;

if (card.getRank().equals(lastCard.getRank())) {

startIndex = cards.indexOf(card);

}

}

if (startIndex != -1)

return cards.subList(startIndex, cards.indexOf(lastCard) + 1);

return null;

}

}

(四) 对整个游戏的建模

整个游戏定义了一个FishingManager来集中管理，FishingManager包括所有玩家，牌桌等成员变量。

FishingManager.java

package com.thoughtworks.davenkin.simplefishinggame;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.ListIterator;

public class FishingManager implements FishingRuleChecker, AfterPlayListener {

ArrayList players = new ArrayList();

private Player currentPlayer;

Board board;

private ListIterator iterator;

public FishingManager() {

board = new Board();

}

private void resetPlayerIterator() {

iterator = players.listIterator();

}

public void addPlayers(ArrayList players) {

this.players.addAll(players);

resetPlayerIterator();

}

@Override

public Player nextPlayer() {

if (iterator.hasNext()) {

return iterator.next();

}

resetPlayerIterator();

return nextPlayer();

}

@Override

public Player whoFailed() {

ListIterator listIterator = players.listIterator();

while (listIterator.hasNext()) {

Player currentPlayer = listIterator.next();

if (currentPlayer.getCards().size() == 0)

return currentPlayer;

}

return null;

}

@Override

public void afterPlay() {

if (board.getCardsToBeFished() == null)

return;

doFish();

nextPlayer();

}

private void doFish() {

System.out.println(currentPlayer.getName() + " fished cards");

currentPlayer.obtainCards(board.getCardsToBeFished());

board.removeFishedCards(board.getCardsToBeFished());

currentPlayer.displayCards();

board.displayCards();

}

public void start() {

int count = 0;

while (true) {

currentPlayer = nextPlayer();

currentPlayer.displayCards();

currentPlayer.playCard(board);

afterPlay();

count++;

if (whoFailed() != null) {

break;

}

}

System.out.println(whoFailed().getName() + " has failed.");

System.out.println("Total: " + count + " rounds");

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

FishingManager manager = new FishingManager();

Player player1 = new Player("Kayla");

Player player2 = new Player("Samuel");

ArrayList players = new ArrayList();

players.add(player1);

players.add(player2);

Deck deck = new Deck();

deck.shuffle();

CardDistributor distributor = new CardDistributor();

distributor.distributeCards(deck, players);

manager.addPlayers(players);

manager.start();

}

}

FishingManager还应该包含游戏规则，比如决定输赢和玩家出牌顺序等，于是定义一个游戏规则接口FishingRuleChecker，并使FishingManager实现FishingRuleChecker接口：

FishingRuleChecker.java

package com.thoughtworks.davenkin.simplefishinggame;

public interface FishingRuleChecker {

Player nextPlayer();

Player whoFailed();

}

同时，当每个玩家出牌之后，FishingManager应该决定是否有鱼上钩，并执行钓鱼操作，于是定义了一个AfterPlayListener接口，FishingManager也实现了

AfterPlayListener接口：

AfterPlayListener.java

package com.thoughtworks.davenkin.simplefishinggame;

public interface AfterPlayListener {

public void afterPlay();

}

(五)有趣的现象

运行FinshingManager便可以自动模拟整个游戏过程，笔者比较感兴趣的是：所有玩家一共出多少手牌之后游戏结束？于是笔者做了10000次模拟试验，得到的结果为：最大14023手，最小66手，平均1303手，请数学高手帮忙证明一下是否有个统计学意义上的期望值。出牌次数分布图如下：

上图中，横轴为游戏轮次(一共10000次)，纵轴为每次游戏所对应的出牌手数。