java建立UDP连接和建立TCP/IP连接一样简单,只用到了SocketAddress(绑定主机的IP地址和应用程序端口,包括自己的和发送地)、DatagramSocket(数据套接字,接收和发送数据包都靠它,同时在new该对象时需要try…catch,而SocketAddress则无需)、DatagramPacket(数据包对象,UDP数据都是一个包一个包发送的)这三个类。然后实现起来是非常简单的。首先是发送方new两个SocketAddress对象,一个参数写自己的机子,另一个写要发送的目标主机。然后把自己的SocketAddress对象传入DatagramSocket创建其对象,假设对象名为ds。再将要发送的数据连同目标主机的SocketAddress对象一起传入DatagramPacket创建其对象,设为dp。最后调用方法ds.send(dp);就OK了。这是发送方的,接收方差不多,实现起来没多大难度。不过众所周知,UDP有一个特点却是比不上TCP/IP的,那就是建立的连接不一定非常可靠,经常会出现丢包的情况,所以需要在发送过程中添加检测机制,而这也就大大加大了实现的难度。基本检测机制是:
发送方发送一个数据包,接收方接收后,发回一个应答包告诉发送方已收到消息,此应答包包含发送的消息的唯一序列号。关于这个序列号的唯一性设置我还不是很明白,所以在测试中就把第n条消息的n作为序列号了。若发送方在一定时间内(时间长短可自行设置)未收到应答包则重发消息。重发消息有两个原因:①接收方未收到,此时重发是应该的。②接收方收到消息但是发回的应答包丢失了,此时重发消息则重复了,所以在接收方还得添加一个机制:若收到的消息与以前发过的消息重复,则再次发送应答包。在这些机制下,能够初步的保证UDP传输的完整性。以下是实现代码:
发送端:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UDPServer {
public UDPServer() {
try {
sa = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9999);
ds = new DatagramSocket(sa);
saa = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 1234);
String msg = "";
startThread();
new Thread() {
public void run() {
while (true) {
recMsg();
}
}
}.start();
for (int i = 1;; i++) {
msg = "第" + i + "条消息";
Msg m = new Msg(msg, i);
sendMsg(m);
list.add(m);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
public void sendMsg(Msg m) {
DatagramPacket dp;
try {
dp = new DatagramPacket(m.getmsg().getBytes(), m.getmsg()
.getBytes().length, saa);
ds.send(dp);
m.setsendtime(System.currentTimeMillis());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void recMsg() {
byte[] buffer = new byte[20];
DatagramPacket dpp = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
try {
ds.receive(dpp);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String rec = new String(dpp.getData()).trim();
int id = Integer.parseInt(rec.substring(4, rec.length() - 3));
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
if (id == list.get(i).getid()) {
System.out.println("确认对方已收到第" + list.get(i).getid()
+ "条消息,从队列中除去");
list.remove(i);
}
}
}
public void startThread() {
new Thread() {
public void run() {
while (true) {
// 如果list里面有元素
if (list.size() > 1) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
if (System.currentTimeMillis()
- list.get(i).getsendtime() > 3000
&& list.get(i).gettime() < 4) {
sendMsg(list.get(i));
System.out.println("重发第" + list.get(i).getid()
+ "条消息第" + list.get(i).gettime() + "次");
if (list.get(i).gettime() == 3) {
System.out.println("重发第"
+ list.get(i).getid()
+ "条消息已超过4次,丢弃包");// System.exit(0);
list.remove(i);
} else {
list.get(i).settime(
list.get(i).gettime() + 1);
}
}
}
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}.start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new UDPServer();
}
class Msg {
public Msg(String msg, int id) {
this.msg = msg;
this.id = id;
}
public void setid(int i) {
id = i;
}
public int getid() {
return id;
}
public void setmsg(String newmsg) {
msg = newmsg;
}
public String getmsg() {
return msg;
}
public void settime(int i) {
time = i;
}
public int gettime() {
return time;
}
public void setsendtime(long time) {
lastsendtime = time;
}
public long getsendtime() {
return lastsendtime;
}
private int id;
private String msg;
private int time;
private long lastsendtime;
}
List list = new ArrayList();
SocketAddress sa;
DatagramSocket ds;
SocketAddress saa;
}
接收端:
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
public class UDPClient {
JFrame f;
JTextArea jta, jta2;
SocketAddress sa;
SocketAddress saa;
DatagramSocket ds;
List list = new ArrayList();
public UDPClient() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (Exception e) {
}
Font font = new Font("Dialog", Font.PLAIN, 12);
f = new JFrame();
jta = new JTextArea();
jta.setFont(font);
jta2 = new JTextArea();
jta2.setFont(font);
JScrollPane jsp = new JScrollPane(jta);
JScrollPane jsp2 = new JScrollPane(jta2);
jsp.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500, 400));
jsp2.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(300, 400));
f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
f.add(jsp);
f.add(jsp2);
f.pack();
f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(3);
f.setVisible(true);
sa = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 1234);
saa = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9999);
new Thread() {
public void run() {
recMsg();
}
}.start();
startThread();
}
public void recMsg() {
try {
ds = new DatagramSocket(sa);
while (true) {
byte[] buffer = new byte[20];
DatagramPacket dpp = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
jta.append("等待数据...\n");
ds.receive(dpp);
String rec = new String(dpp.getData()).trim();
if (check(rec)) {
jta.append(rec + "\n");
int id = Integer
.parseInt(rec.substring(1, rec.length() - 3));
Msg m = new Msg(rec, id);
list.add(m);
send(m);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public boolean check(String msg) {
if (list.size() > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
if (list.get(i).getmsg().equals("msg")) {
send(list.get(i));
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
public void send(Msg m) {
String msg = "已收到第" + m.getid() + "条消息";
try {
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),
msg.getBytes().length, saa);
ds.send(dp);
jta2.append(msg + "\n");
m.setrectime(System.currentTimeMillis());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void startThread() {
new Thread() {
public void run() {
while (true) {
if (list.size() > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
if (System.currentTimeMillis()
- list.get(i).getrectime() > 5000) {
list.remove(i);
jta2.append("确认已收到第" + list.get(i).getid()
+ "条消息,从队列中除去\n");
}
}
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}.start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new UDPClient();
}
class Msg {
public Msg(String msg, int id) {
this.msg = msg;
this.id = id;
}
public void setid(int i) {
id = i;
}
public int getid() {
return id;
}
public void setmsg(String newmsg) {
msg = newmsg;
}
public String getmsg() {
return msg;
}
public void settime(int i) {
time = i;
}
public int gettime() {
return time;
}
public void setrectime(long time) {
lastrectime = time;
}
public long getrectime() {
return lastrectime;
}
private int id;
private String msg;
private int time;
private long lastrectime;
}
}
运行结果如图所示:
大小: 95.9 KB
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2012-02-26 17:29
浏览 6959
分类:非技术
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