痛点
在同学们学习的过程中,我们对it is adj for sb to do sth这个句式无比纯熟。
但对于it is adj for sb to do sth就知之甚少,或者总也区分不清楚。
即使能分清楚,也是机械记忆,不了解其中的奥秘。
所以,本篇文章,就来梳理一下这个语法点。
1 用for的情况
It is important for us to study English.
这个句子中important不是形容us的,而是用来描述 to study English这件事的。
且
It做形式主语。所以,这句话可以变更为:To study English is important for us.
总结:用for有两个要点
- important不是形容sb的,而是描述to do sth的
- 可以暂停形式主语it的职能,让不定式归位。
类似的形容词:difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible
巧记:把id藏(hide)起来 hideid
H: hard
I:important
D: difficult
E: easy
I: impossible
D: dangerous
其实关于有哪些形容词是修饰不定式的,完全可以不去记忆。只要理解了这个形容词是形容人的还是形容事儿的就ok了。
更多例句:
It is very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.
= To cross the busy street is is very dangerous for children
≠ Children are dangerous to cross the busy street. (孩子不是危险人物,过马路危险)
It is difficult for children to pass the test.
= To pass the test is difficult for children.
≠ Children are difficult to pass the test. (孩子人不难,做题事儿难)
2 用of的情况
It is very kind of you to help me.
这个句子中,kind不是修饰to help me的,而是修饰人(you)的。
You are kind to help me.
有的同学,非常容易受到母语的干扰,狡辩如下:
帮助我是一件善良的事儿,是一种善良的行为。
我只能告诉你:你按照汉语逻辑,你可以任意翻译,只要有"帮助"、"善良"你就随便添加句义吧。
我们说英语,它是结构化的语言。汉语是表意化的语言。
结构化的意思是说:你必须按照这个结构去理解句义。
表意化的意思是说:句义的表达不受结构太大的限制。
所以,只要你用了of,这个kind就一定是修饰you的。
而且,英语里面的kind,是形容词,只能表示人的品质,它不能表示动作的属性。
错误举例:to help me is kind. 不能人为主观认为:助人为乐是善良的事儿。英语里只有人善良,事儿不能善良。
所以,能用of的形容词,都是形容人的品质的。包括这些:
Kind, good, nice, right, wrong, clever, careless, polite, foolish等等。
品质类形容词,字典里无穷无尽。
勇敢、胆小;
坚强、软弱;
聪明、蠢笨;
和善、虚伪;
勤劳、懒惰;
正直、阴险;
坦诚、狡诈
等等都是,所以具体形容词我们没有必要记忆,只要语文还可以,英语一定没问题。
更多例句:
It is clever of you to work out the problem.
= You are clever to work out the problem.
≠ To work out the problem is clever of you.
= To work out the problem can prove that you are clever.
It is brave of you to fight against the monster.
= You are brave to fight against the monster.
≠ To fight against the monster is brave of you.
= To fight against the monster can prove that you are brave.
Of和for从词汇上的根本区别
Of:形容词说人
For:形容词说事儿
来做题吧
1. It is necessary_____ people to have food and water every day.
2.It's very convenient _____ us to buy train tickets now because we can buy them either from the station or on the Internet.
3.It's clever _____ you to make so many toy ships.
4.It's important _____ us to become polite in class.
5.It's careless _____ you to make lots of mistakes.
6.It's very nice _____ you to get me two tickets.
7.It's bad _____ you to eat too much junk food.
8.It's good _____ us to do exercise very day
答案:
for, for, of, for, of, of, for, for
good & bad:这俩词可以形容事儿,也可以形容人。
形容事儿的时候,相当于easy和difficult。
形容人的时候,相当于kind和rude
用心体会就好。
作者:王兴刚老师,前高校英语教师,现教育行业创业者,英语教学16年。本头条号的日常推文主要包括:关于教育问题的理解与感悟,关于英语知识的梳理和剖析,关于英语考点的讲解与总结。
该文同步发布于本人微信公众号(王兴刚老师)。