mysql索引 最佳_mysql索引最佳实践

索引最佳实践

使用的表

CREATE TABLE `employees` (

`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`name` varchar(24) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '姓名',

`age` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '年龄',

`position` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '职位',

`hire_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '入职时间',

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

KEY `idx_name_age_position` (`name`,`age`,`position`) USING BTREE

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='员工记录表';

INSERT INTO employees(name,age,position,hire_time) VALUES('LiLei',22,'manager',NOW());

INSERT INTO employees(name,age,position,hire_time) VALUES('HanMeimei', 23,'dev',NOW());

INSERT INTO employees(name,age,position,hire_time) VALUES('Lucy',23,'dev',NOW());

1. 全值匹配

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name= 'LiLei';

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name= 'LiLei' AND age = 22;

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name= 'LiLei' AND age = 22 AND position ='manager';

2.最佳左前缀法则

如果索引了多列，要遵守最左前缀法则。指的是查询从索引的最左前列开始并且不跳过索引中的列。

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE age = 22 AND position ='manager';

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE position = 'manager';

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = 'LiLei';

3.不在索引列上做任何操作(计算、函数、(自动or手动)类型转换)，会导致索引失效而转向全表扫描

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = 'LiLei';

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE left(name,3) = 'LiLei';

4.存储引擎不能使用索引中范围条件右边的列

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name= 'LiLei' AND age = 22 AND position ='manager';

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name= 'LiLei' AND age > 22 AND position ='manager';

5.尽量使用覆盖索引(只访问索引的查询(索引列包含查询列))，减少select *语句

EXPLAIN SELECT name,age FROM employees WHERE name= 'LiLei' AND age = 23 AND position ='manager';

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name= 'LiLei' AND age = 23 AND position ='manager';

6.mysql在使用不等于(！=或者<>)的时候无法使用索引会导致全表扫描

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name != 'LiLei'

7.is null,is not null 也无法使用索引

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name is null

8.like以通配符开头('$abc...')mysql索引失效会变成全表扫描操作

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name like '%Lei'

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name like 'Lei%'

问题：解决like'%字符串%'索引不被使用的方法？

a)使用覆盖索引，查询字段必须是建立覆盖索引字段

EXPLAIN SELECT name,age,position FROM employees WHERE name like '%Lei%';

b)当覆盖索引指向的字段是varchar(380)及380以上的字段时，覆盖索引会失效！

9.字符串不加单引号索引失效

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = '1000';

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = 1000;

10.少用or,用它连接时很多情况下索引会失效

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = 'LiLei' or name = 'HanMeimei';

总结：

like KK%相当于=常量，%KK和%KK% 相当于范围

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版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「王林冲」的原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38138069/article/details/82998658