椭圆的一般式为:\[A{x^2} + Bxy + C{y^2} + Dx + Ey + F = 0\]
椭圆的参数为:长半轴 $a$短半轴 $b$ 椭圆中心 $(x_{0},y_{0})$ 倾角为 $\theta$ (定义逆时针为正,长轴与x正方向的夹角)
1.由椭圆参数转化为一般式:
推导过程:
椭圆 $C[3*3]$ ,中心在原点,长轴与x轴重合,经过旋转矩阵 ${R} =f({\theta})$ , 平移矩阵 ${T}$$ =$$g$$(x_{0},y_{0})$,
后得到
$C^{'}=T^{T}*R^{T}*C*R*T$
ps:关于旋转矩阵R和平移矩阵T的定义看上篇博文 直角坐标系下点/曲线平移与旋转的矩阵计算
即 $H({\theta},x_{0},y_{0},a,b)=A{x^2} + Bxy + C{y^2} + Dx + Ey + F $
对应相等可以得到:
①$A = \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\theta }}{{{a^2}}} + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\theta }}{{{b^2}}}$
② $B = 2 \cdot \sin \theta \cdot \cos \theta \cdot (\frac{1}{{{a^2}}} - \frac{1}{{{b^2}}})$
③ $C = \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\theta }}{{{b^2}}} + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\theta }}{{{a^2}}}$
④ $D = - 2 \cdot [{x_0} \cdot (\frac{{{{\cos }^2}\theta }}{{{a^2}}} + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\theta }}{{{b^2}}}) + {y_0} \cdot \sin \theta \cdot \cos \theta \cdot (\frac{1}{{{a^2}}} - \frac{1}{{{b^2}}})]$
⑤ $E = - 2 \cdot [{x_0} \cdot \sin \theta \cdot \cos \theta \cdot (\frac{1}{{{a^2}}} - \frac{1}{{{b^2}}}) + {y_0} \cdot (\frac{{{{\cos }^2}\theta }}{{{b^2}}} + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\theta }}{{{a^2}}})]$
⑥$F = \frac{{{{({x_0} \cdot \cos \theta + {y_0} \cdot \sin \theta )}^2}}}{{{a^2}}} + \frac{{{{({x_0} \cdot \sin \theta - {y_0} \cdot \cos \theta )}^2}}}{{{b^2}}} - 1$
matlab推导过程
+验证
clc
syms a b theta x0 y0
% 公式推导
C = [1/a.^2 0 0;
0 1/b.^2 0;
0 0 -1;];
Rot = [cos(theta) sin(theta) 0;
-sin(theta) cos(theta) 0;
0 0 1;];
T = [1 0 -x0;
0 1 -y0;
0 0 1;];
C1 = T'*Rot'*C*Rot*T;
%公式验证
as = a*a;
bs = b*b;
coss = cos(theta).^2;
sins = sin(theta).^2;
cs = sin(theta)*cos(theta);
A =coss/as+sins/bs;
B =2*cs*(1/as-1/bs);
C = coss/bs +sins/as;
D = -(2*A*x0 +B*y0);
E = -(B*x0 +2*A*y0);
F = (x0*cos(theta)+y0*sin(theta)).^2/as+(x0*sin(theta)-y0*cos(theta)).^2/bs-1
a = 3;
b = 2;
x0 = 1;
y0 = 0.5;
theta = 0.1;
A = eval(A)
B = eval(B)
C = eval(C)
D = eval(D)
E = eval(E)
F = eval(F)
syms x y
f1 = ezplot( A*x^2+ C*y^2 +F + B*x*y + D*x +E*y,[-2,6],[-2,6]);
set(f1,'Color','r','LineWidth',1.5)
xlim([-2,6])
ylim([-2,6])
axis equal
grid on
2.由一般式得到椭圆参数式:
椭圆的一般式为:\[A{x^2} + Bxy + C{y^2} + Dx + Ey + F = 0\]
由①②③式可以得到:
长半轴: $a^{2}=\frac{2}{A+C-\sqrt{B^{2}+(A-C)^{2}}}$
短半轴: $b^{2}=\frac{2}{A+C+\sqrt{B^{2}+(A-C)^{2}}}$
倾角: ${\theta} = arcsin({ sign(-B) \sqrt{\frac{(Aa^{2}-Cb^{2})a^{2}b^{2}}{a^{4}-b^{4}}}})$
偏移:alpha = cos(theta).^2/a^2+sin(theta).^2/b^2;
beta = sin(theta)*cos(theta)*(1/a^2-1/b^2);
gama = cos(theta).^2/b^2+sin(theta).^2/a^2;
y0 = (E/2 - beta*D/(2*alpha))/(beta^2/alpha - gama)
x0 = (-D/2 - beta*y0)/alpha
%接上面程序运行
aa = 2/(A+C-sqrt(B^2+(A-C).^2))
bb = 2/(A+C+sqrt(B^2+(A-C).^2))
if(bb > aa)
temp = aa;
aa = bb;
bb = temp;
end
theta
theta2 = asin(sign(-B)*sqrt((A*aa-C*bb)*aa*bb/(aa*aa-bb*bb)))
a = sqrt(aa)
b = sqrt(bb)
alpha = cos(theta).^2/a^2+sin(theta).^2/b^2;
beta = sin(theta)*cos(theta)*(1/a^2-1/b^2);
gama = cos(theta).^2/b^2+sin(theta).^2/a^2;
y0 = (E/2 - beta*D/(2*alpha))/(beta^2/alpha - gama)
x0 = (-D/2 - beta*y0)/alpha