虽然BFS / DFS通常用于查找起点和终点之间的连接,但实际上并非如此. BFS / DFS是“图形遍历算法”,这是一种花哨的说法,可以说它们发现了从起点可到达的每个点. DFS(深度优先搜索)更易于实现,因此我们将根据您的需要使用它(注意:当您需要查找到起点的任何距离时,都将使用BFS;仅在需要时才使用DFS.去每一点).
我不知道您的数据的确切结构,但是我假设您的地图是一个整数数组,并定义了一些基本功能(为简单起见,我将第一个单元格设置为2):
Map.java
import java.awt.*;
public class Map {
public final int width;
public final int height;
private final Cell[][] cells;
private final Move[] moves;
private Point startPoint;
public Map(int[][] mapData) {
this.width = mapData[0].length;
this.height = mapData.length;
cells = new Cell[height][width];
// define valid movements
moves = new Move[]{
new Move(1,0),new Move(-1,new Move(0,1),-1)
};
generateCells(mapData);
}
public Point getStartPoint() {
return startPoint;
}
public void setStartPoint(Point p) {
if (!isValidLocation(p)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid point");
startPoint.setLocation(p);
}
public Cell getStartCell() {
return getCellAtPoint(getStartPoint());
}
public Cell getCellAtPoint(Point p) {
if (!isValidLocation(p)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid point");
return cells[p.y][p.x];
}
private void generateCells(int[][] mapData) {
boolean foundStart = false;
for (int i = 0; i < mapData.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < mapData[i].length; j++) {
/*
0 = empty space
1 = wall
2 = starting point
*/
if (mapData[i][j] == 2) {
if (foundStart) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot have more than one start position");
foundStart = true;
startPoint = new Point(j,i);
} else if (mapData[i][j] != 0 && mapData[i][j] != 1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Map input data must contain only 0,1,2");
}
cells[i][j] = new Cell(j,i,mapData[i][j] == 1);
}
}
if (!foundStart) throw new IllegalArgumentException("No start point in map data");
// Add all cells adjacencies based on up,down,left,right movement
generateAdj();
}
private void generateAdj() {
for (int i = 0; i < cells.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cells[i].length; j++) {
for (Move move : moves) {
Point p2 = new Point(j + move.getX(),i + move.getY());
if (isValidLocation(p2)) {
cells[i][j].addAdjCell(cells[p2.y][p2.x]);
}
}
}
}
}
private boolean isValidLocation(Point p) {
if (p == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Point cannot be null");
return (p.x >= 0 && p.y >= 0) && (p.y < cells.length && p.x < cells[p.y].length);
}
private class Move {
private int x;
private int y;
public Move(int x,int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}
public int getX() {
return x;
}
public int getY() {
return y;
}
}
}
单元格
import java.util.LinkedList;
public class Cell {
public final int x;
public final int y;
public final boolean isWall;
private final LinkedList adjCells;
public Cell(int x,int y,boolean isWall) {
if (x < 0 || y < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("x,y must be greater than 0");
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.isWall = isWall;
adjCells = new LinkedList<>();
}
public void addAdjCell(Cell c) {
if (c == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cell cannot be null");
adjCells.add(c);
}
public LinkedList getAdjCells() {
return adjCells;
}
}
现在编写我们的DFS函数. DFS通过以下步骤递归地触摸每个可达单元一次:
>将当前单元格标记为已访问
>遍历每个相邻的单元格
>如果尚未访问该单元格,请DFS该单元格,并将与该单元格相邻的单元格数量添加到当前计数中
>返回与当前单元格1相邻的单元格数
您可以看到此here的可视化.使用我们已经编写的所有帮助程序功能,这非常简单:
MapHelper.java
class MapHelper {
public static int countReachableCells(Map map) {
if (map == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Arguments cannot be null");
boolean[][] visited = new boolean[map.height][map.width];
// subtract one to exclude starting point
return dfs(map.getStartCell(),visited) - 1;
}
private static int dfs(Cell currentCell,boolean[][] visited) {
visited[currentCell.y][currentCell.x] = true;
int touchedCells = 0;
for (Cell adjCell : currentCell.getAdjCells()) {
if (!adjCell.isWall && !visited[adjCell.y][adjCell.x]) {
touchedCells += dfs(adjCell,visited);
}
}
return ++touchedCells;
}
}
就是这样!让我知道您是否需要有关代码的任何说明.