非乘a非b_英语语法之高频语法二「非谓语动词」

目录

01.英语语法之高频语法一「时态语态」

02.英语语法之高频语法二「非谓语动词」

03.英语语法之高频语法三「虚拟语气」

04.英语语法之高频语法四「定语从句」

05.英语语法之高频语法五「状语从句」

06.英语语法之高频语法六「名词性从句」

1.什么是非谓语？

一个句子只能有一个谓语动词，当一句中存在多个动词时其余动词只能是非谓语！
例句：好好学习，天天向上。
    病句：
       You 【study】 hard, you 【make】 progress every day.   【X，违反一句一谓原则】
    修改：
       You study hard.You make progress every day.            【句号分隔两句话】
       You study hard 【and】 you make progress every day.    【并列句】
      【If】 you stúdy hard, you will make progress every day.【主从句】
       You study hard 【to make】 progress every day.         【非谓语，make做非谓语to do的形式】

2.非谓语的基本形式是？

to do 不定式             表目的或表将来
doing 动名词/现在分词    表主动或进行
done  过去分词           表被动或完成
---------------------------------------------------------
一般式      to + do               doing              done
一般式被动  to + be done          being done           X
完成式      to + have done        having done          X
完成式被动  to + have been done   having been done     X
 ***                       ***
否定式             not + ...(非谓语动词各种形式)
---------------------------------------------------------
非谓语动词 VS 谓语动词
    ①首词是 to，doing必是非谓语动词
    ②单独的 done
1. A.to tell【to开头是非谓语】  B.be told  C.telling【doing是非谓语】  D.tells
2. A.be arguing B.arguing【doing非谓语动词】 C.be have argued 
   D.having been Killed【having非谓语动词】
3. A.Kill B.having been killed【having非谓语动词】 C.have killed D.had Killed
4. A.visits B.having visited【having为非谓语】 C.to be visited【首词是to为非谓语】 
   D.visiting【visiting非谓语】 
5. A.have taken B.to have taken【to是非谓语】 C.taking【taking非谓语】 
   D.took【这是过去式，不是单独的过去分词，不是非谓语】
---------------------------------------------------------
***非谓语动词六大考点：【1.做定语、2.做状语、3.独立主格、4.做宾语、5.做宾补、6.固定句型】
    1.做定语【修饰限定名词的】
      ①前置定语
        Daniel is a 【tall】 man.
        Daniel is a 【rich】 man.
        Daniel is a 【handsome】 man.
        ---[以下是非谓语动词做前置定语时的情况]---
              - doing 正在...的 表进行
              - done  已经...的 表完成
        developed country    发达国家
        developing country   发展中国家
        the rising sun       冉冉升起的太阳 
        the rised sun        升起的太阳 
        boiling water        正在沸腾的水 
        boiled water         开水
        --------------------------------------
      ②后置定语
        There is nothing 【important】.
        She is a girl 【who I have followed many years】.
        The book 【on the table】 is mine.
        There is a meeting 【to be hold】.
        ----------[以下是非谓语动词做后置定语时的情况]----------
            to do 将来       to be done 将要被
            doing 主动       being done 正在被
            done  被动/已经被
        I need a person 【to help】 me (tomorrow).
        The school 【to be built】 (next year) is beautiful.
        The man    【sitting】 next to me is handsome.
        The school 【being built】 (now) is beautiful.
        The school 【built】 (last year) is beautiful. 
        --------------------------------------------------

3.非谓语做状语：

考点一：to do 做状语，表示目的“为了”
       【To catch】the fish，the cat jumps into the river.
        The cat jumps into the river 【to catch】 the fish. 

考点二：only to do 做状语，表示意外结果“不料...”
       He arrived at the station,only to find the train had left.

- 题目1：Jack worked late into the night,____ he had not finished even half of the job.
     A.only finding  B.only found  C.only find  D.only to find
- 解题：这类题主要根据题意进行判断啦！
      如果：属于出乎意料就选择，D 【工作很晚却有一半任务没有完成】
- 题目2：The news reporters hurried to the airport, only __A__ the movie stars they wanted to interview 
had left.
     A. to find  B. to be found  C. to finding【不定式中没有这个形式，但是介词后可以】  D. found
- 解题：这类题主要根据题意进行判断啦！
      如果：属于出乎意料就选择，A 【新闻记者匆忙的赶到机场，不料电影演员走了】

考点三：doing和done做状语
- 题的类型：【某半句话中开头空格，句中有逗号，且无连词】
     1. ____to miss the plane, he got to the airport an hour earlier.
     2. ____from the top of the mountain, the building looks like a bird nest.
     
     3. He got to the airport an hour earlier,____to miss the plane
     4. The building looks like a bird nest, ____from the top of the mountain.

- 非谓语动词做状语：
    （1）做题方法：
         判断这道题考查的是什么？分词做状语：【开头有空格、中间有逗号且无连词】
         - 找 [逻辑主语：主句主语]  主句主语即不带空格那半句话的主语
         - 看 [（主语）和（非谓语）之间的主被动] 
              主动用 doing
              被动用 done
    （2）①_given_(give) a chance,【I】 would work in the countryside.
         - 题意：我被给了个机会，到农村去工作。
         - 解题思路：
            1）题型定位：开头是空格，中间存在逗号，且无连词
            2）题型解法：- 找到主句主语
                        - 寻找主句与非谓语的关系
                        - 找到主句主语与非谓语的关系，判断是 (被动) 还是 (主动)
         ②【He】 eats hot pot，__singing_（sing） a song
         ③__D__ from the top of the building，the whole city looks very beautiful.
                     A.See B.Saw C.Seeing D.Seen
          - 解题： 主句主语：the whole city
                   找到非谓语与主句主语之间的关系，城市和看是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动）
                   所以选择分词形式Seen
         ④__B__how to solve the mathematics problem, Stephanie [asked] her teacher 
           for help.
                     A. Not known B. Not knowing C. Not toknow D. Not know
           1）存在谓语[asked]判断出，要用非谓语
           2）‘人’和‘知道’的关系是主动

考点四：having done和having been done做状语
        - 题的类型：【某半句话中开头空格，句中有逗号，且无连词】
        having done：先完成，主动
        having been done：先完成，被动
        例1： ____the garden, 【the old man】 【went】 to have a rest.
            A. Having been 【watered】 B. Watering C.Having watered D. Being watered 
        解题：①判断是选择使用谓语动词还是选择使用非谓语，由于句子中存在谓语，则选择非谓语
                由上条结论可以排除D选项
              ②判断主被动关系，water：可做动词，浇水，人和浇水的关系是主动，排除A
              ③判断句意是否有先后关系，排除B选项
              ④选择C
        __having lived__(live) in Beijing for more than twenty years，he knows the city very well.
        ____the composition(构成写作), John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.
               A. Writing B. Having written  C. Written D. Being written【这个不需要考虑】
               第一步：定题型，选项中全是非谓语就不用判断题中是否存在谓语动词了
                               开头是空格，中间有逗号，且无连词，选择非谓语做状语
               第二步：主被动关系：
                       找到主句主语 人 和 writ之间的关系，成主被动关系
                      那么就不可选择C选项，D在状语中不需要考虑这个问题
               第三步：A、B都表示主动，但B存在先后关系，根据题意是先完成作业在上交给老师，再出门

3.独立主格结构：

[引入]：More time given，I can finish the work.
        类型：名词+__非谓语__，名词+谓语
        解题方法，观察句子结构一般悬着非谓语构成：主语+非谓语，主语+谓语的独立主格结构
  
[方法]：找，逻辑主语：非谓语前名词
       看，①名词和非谓语之间的主被动关系
                  主动 doing/having done
                  被动 done/having been done
            ②是否先发生
                   先发生 主动 having done
                   先发生 被动 having been done
    这个方法和非谓语做状语的方法类似。      
[例题]：
    - More time 【given】，I can finish the work. 
    判断逻辑：①定型，本题是 主语+__,主语+谓语 类型，空格部分选用非谓语
              ②判断主被动关系，time是被给所以选择使用 一个分词 或者 having been done的形式
              ③句意没有表示先后关系，所以选择单独的分词形式 done

    - Tears 【rolling down】 from her face，she stood here.
    判断逻辑：①定型，本题是 主语+__,主语+谓语 类型，空格部分选用非谓语
              ②判断主被动关系，眼泪是主动落下
              ③句意没提到先后关系所以选择doing done的形式

    - 【She】 heard a continual strange noise coming from the next room, 
      【her heart】 __C__ fast.
     A. beat B. beats C. beating D. beaten
     题意判断：①中间存在逗号，逗号两端的句子都存在主语
               ②前半句：主语+谓语    后半句：主语+非谓语，排除谓语AB
               ③判断主被动关系：心脏是主动在跳动，所以选择beating
    - All flight ____ because of the snowstorm，We decided to take the train
      A.were canceled B.had been canceled [AB排除，这个是谓语形式]
      C.having canceled D.having been canceled [航班被取消是被动所以选择D]

【考点！！！】
独立主格结构考点：
      ①考点一：时间允许结构
             weather/time permitting即：“天气、时间、允许”，其后动词用doing
             weather permitting，We will have a trip.
      ②考点二：with表示伴随
             The murder was brought in,witb his hands tied behind his back.
             With flowers and grass growing on both sides,the river looks very beautiful.
两大结构相关的考题：
    - Time ____ we will arrange【布置排列】 for the tourists to visit two or three more 
places of interest【兴趣】. 
         A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. to be permitted
     分析：①定型，时间允许结构，直接选择ing形式的B选项
    - With its economy __B__ so fast，China is becoming more and more active in 
      international affairs.【随着经济的发展中国越来越多的参与到国际事务】
         A.to grow B.growing C.is growing D.grown
         解题思路：①判断本句，is becoming 是谓语，那么需要非谓语
                   ②经济是主动增长的，growing是一个不及物动词，经济增长，排除D选择项

4.1非谓语动词做宾语（动宾/介宾）

【考点一】：to do 做动词宾语
   I want a book.
   I want to sing a song.
to do 做宾语记忆口诀：
三个希望两答应（hope,wish,expect,agree,promise） 
两个要求莫拒绝（demand，ask，refuse）
设法学会做决定（manage、learn、decide）
不要假装在选择（pretend、choose）

   I couldn't understand why he pretended __A__ the garden.
      A. not to see me B. not see me C. to see me not D. to see not me
   【本题分析】
     第一步：出现了pretended表明这儿选择不定式to do形式，选择非谓语形式，排除B选项
     第二步：选项中存在not，那么not需要加任何一种不定式形式之前

【考点二】：doing做动词宾语
         【喜欢】花费忙着想象
          忍不住想要结束【练习】
  enjoy doing sth
  appreciate doing sth
  spend 时间/金钱 in doing sth
  be busy doing sth               
  imagine doing sth

- 非谓语动词做宾语（动宾/介宾）
   can't help doing sth
   feel like doing sth
   finish doing sth
   practice doing sth
- 错过建议 保持介意 值得考虑
miss doing sth
suggest doing sth
keep doing sth
mind doing sth
be worth doing sth
consider doing sth
 
   例：We【appreciate】__B__ with Carl；he has a good of humor.
           A.to work B.working C.to have work D.have worked
       解题思路：①appreciate感谢，不可接不定式,可以接动名词
                 ②working
   Most people enjoy __C__ letters, but few seem to be interested in writing them.
   A. read B. to have read C.feading D. to read

【考点三】：此to非彼to（介宾短语）
be devoted to doing 致力于
contribute to doing 导致
look forward to doing 展望/期待
be used to doing 习惯于…
object to doing 反对
When it comes to doing.. 当谈到…的时候

  - 介词后接宾语的话就要跟介词宾语
     When it __comes to evaluating__ school work,the professor will treat his students equally.
     ① 这儿使用come to 
     ② 考虑到这儿需要使用到主将从现的语法点，所以所以时间状语从句使用现在时，而主句使用将来时
     I am looking forward to __B__ from you 【as soon as】 possible.
     A.hear B.hearing C.be hearing D.have heard

第一组：
      - forget to do 忘记要去做（未做）
      - forget doing 忘记做过（已做）

      - remember to do 记得去做（未做）
      - remember doing 记得做过（已做）

      - regret to do 遗憾去做（未做）
      - regret doing 遗憾做过（已做）

第二组：
      - mean to do 打算做某事
      - mean doing 意味着

      - stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
      - stop doing 停止正在做的事情

      - allow doing 允许做某事
      - allow sb to do 允许某人做某事

第二组例题：
    - I was watching TV.When I heard my mother came into the room,I stopped __to read__ (read) my book.
    - I stopped __reading__(read) the book when my mother asked me have supper.
    - The light in the office is still on.He forgot __B__ it off.
      A.turning B.to turn C.turned D.have turned  【本题答案选择B选项】

4.2非谓语动词做宾补

- 啥是宾补呢？
考题形式：动词 + 宾语 + 非谓语
    1.使役动词（have、make、let、keep、leave）
           have/make/let+宾语
                   - do（省略to）让某人做某事
                   - done 让某人或某事被...
      例题：- He stopped asking me the time after he had had his watch __B__.
                A.to repair B.repaired C.repairing D.repair
            - There was so 【much noise】 that the speaker couldn't 【make himself】 __B__.
                A.hearing B.heard C.being heard D.to hear
            
           keep/leave + 宾语
                   - doing 让某人一直做某事
                   - done 让某人或某事被...
    2.一感觉二听五看
           feel
           listen/hear
           look/see/watch/notice/observe
           +宾语：
               - do（省略to）全过程
               - doing 正在 
               - done 被
      例题：- Listen！Do you hear someone __A__ for help?
            A.calling B.call C.to call D. called
    3.catch 
           catch sb doing sth         抓到某人做某事
           sb be caught doing sth     某人被抓到做某事

5.非谓语固定用法

考点一：平行结构【or、but、and 这些连接词必须前后动词形式一致】
    - （To be） 【or】 not （to be），this is a question.
    - （Keeping） is harder 【than】 （winning）.
       保持比取得成绩更难

     - A or/and/but B：A与B保持一致
       例题1：The new invention（发明） is to make our daily（日常的） life easier，__A__ it
       more difficult（困难的）.【这里前后有比较，所以安装平行结构做题】
               A.not to make B.not make C.not making D.do not make 
       平行结构连接词:   
       例题2：To know what is good and __C__ are two quite different things.
               A.knowing what is right B.do what is right C.to do what is right D.doing what is right
考点二：没有意义句型
                      no use(in)              - 做某事没有用
        It/There is + no good(in) + doing     - 做某事没好处
                      no point(in)            - 做某事没意义
                      useless                 - 做某事不值得
        It is no use having daydreams. 做白日梦是没有用处的
        It's no use __B__ with him since he has 【made up his mind】.
              A.to argue B.arguing[争论] C.to be argued D.argued
考点三：据说据报道句型
        主语 + be + said/reported/known/supposed
           to have done(已经)
         + to have been done（已经被）
           to do（将要）
           to be done（将要被）
例题：Mr. Brown is supposed to __B__ for Italy last month.
       A.be leaving B.have left C.leave D.have been left
         leave for 动身离开
      例题：Many of his novels(小说) are reported ____ into several foreign languages last year.
       A.to be translated B.to translate C.being translated D.to have been translated
考点四：but前有do后无to，前无do后 有 to
       She did nothing 【but】 wait.
       She has nothing to do 【but】 wait.
       I have no choice 【but】 to wait.
考点五：used to
    used to do：过去常常做某事
    be/get used to doing：习惯于做某事
 It's not easy for freshmen to get used to__B__ dorm room with others.
    A.share      B.sharing      C.shared      D.shares
考点六：需要浇花结构
  1)The flowers need to be watered.
    - The flowers need watering. 
  2)The bike needs repairing.
    - The bike needs to be repaired.