1.****nodejs文件操作分为同步和异步请求。同步后面加了Sync//异步删除
fs.unlink('/tmp/hello', (err) =>{if (err) throwerr;
console.log('successfully deleted /tmp/hello');
});//同步删除
fs.unlinkSync('/tmp/hello');
console.log('successfully deleted /tmp/hello');2.**异步不保证顺序
fs.rename('/tmp/hello', '/tmp/world', (err) =>{if (err) throwerr;
console.log('renamed complete');
});
fs.stat('/tmp/world', (err, stats) =>{if (err) throwerr;
console.log(`stats: ${JSON.stringify(stats)}`);//stats: {"dev":-593730986,"mode":33206,"nlink":1,"uid":0,"gid":0,
//"rdev":0,"ino":2251799813714667,"size":3,"atime":"2016-03-25T07:41:15.892Z",
//"mtime":"2016-03-25T07:41:19.870Z","ctime":"2016-03-25T07:42:00.065Z",
//"birthtime":"2016-03-25T07:41:15.819Z"}
});//下面可以保证
fs.rename('/tmp/hello', '/tmp/world', (err) =>{if (err) throwerr;
fs.stat('/tmp/world', (err, stats) =>{if (err) throwerr;
console.log(`stats: ${JSON.stringify(stats)}`);
});
});4.Class: fs.FSWatcher 类, 从fs.watch()方法返回
(1)Event: 'change'event文件类型改变
filename文件名改变
(2)Event: 'error'(3)watcher.close() 停止监听文件变化5.Class: fs.ReadStream 类
(1)Event: 'open' fd 整数文件描述符
当ReadStream文件打开时触发
(2)readStream.path 打开文件的路径6.***Class: fs.Stats 类
(1)对象从fs.stat(), fs.lstat()、 fs.fstat()
stats.isFile()
stats.isDirectory()
stats.isBlockDevice()
stats.isCharacterDevice()
stats.isSymbolicLink() (only validwithfs.lstat())
stats.isFIFO()
stats.isSocket()//例子
fs.stat('input.txt', function(err, stats) {if(err) {returnconsole.error(err);
}
console.log(stats);
console.log("读取文件信息成功!");//检测文件类型
console.log("是否为文件(isFile) ? " +stats.isFile());
console.log("是否为目录(isDirectory) ? " +stats.isDirectory());
});
(2)对于普通文件 util.inspect(stats)会返回
{
dev:2114,
ino:48064969,
mode:33188,
nlink:1,
uid:85,
gid:100,
rdev:0,
size:527,
blksize:4096,
blocks:8,
atime: Mon,10 Oct 2011 23:24:11 GMT, //Access Time"
mtime: Mon, 10 Oct 2011 23:24:11 GMT, //Modified Time 数据改变
ctime: Mon, 10 Oct 2011 23:24:11 GMT, //Change Time status 改变
birthtime: Mon, 10 Oct 2011 23:24:11 GMT //创建日期
}7.Class: fs.WriteStream 文件写入流
(1)Event: 'open' fd 整数文件描述符
当WriteStream文件打开时触发
(2)writeStream.bytesWritten 当现在为止已经写入的文件大小
(3)writeStream.path 写入的路径8.fs.access(path[, mode], callback)
(1)mode类型
fs.F_OK-确定文件是否存在,默认,没有rwx权限
fs.R_OK-文件可读
fs.W_OK-文件可写
fs.X_OK-文件可执行 对于 Windows 没作用(will behave like fs.F_OK).
(2)例子
fs.access('/etc/passwd', fs.R_OK | fs.W_OK, (err) =>{
console.log(err? 'no access!' : 'can read/write');
});
(3)同步,失败会抛出异常
fs.accessSync(path[, mode])9.***fs.appendFile(file, data[, options], callback) 添加文件
(1)参数
file | filename 或者 file descriptor
data | 数据
options | encoding | default = 'utf8'mode default =0o666
flag default = 'a'callback(2)例子
fs.appendFile('message.txt', 'data to append','utf8', (err) =>{if (err) throwerr;
console.log('The "data to append" was appended to file!');
});
(3)同步版本
fs.appendFileSync(file, data[, options])10.几个函数????
fs.chmod(path, mode, callback)
fs.chmodSync(path, mode)
fs.chown(path, uid, gid, callback)#
fs.chownSync(path, uid, gid)#11.***关闭文件
fs.close(fd, callback)
fs.closeSync(fd)//例子
var buf = new Buffer(1024);
console.log("准备打开文件!");
fs.open('input.txt', 'r+', function(err, fd) {if(err) {returnconsole.error(err);
}
console.log("文件打开成功!");
console.log("准备读取文件!");
fs.read(fd, buf,0, buf.length, 0, function(err, bytes){if(err){
console.log(err);
}//仅输出读取的字节
if(bytes > 0){
console.log(buf.slice(0, bytes).toString());
}//关闭文件
fs.close(fd, function(err){if(err){
console.log(err);
}
console.log("文件关闭成功");
});
});
});12.****fs.createReadStream(path[, options]) 返回ReadStream对象
(1)options
{
flags:'r',
encoding:null,
fd:null, //若为非空,则忽略path,使用文件描述符,不会有open事件
mode: 0o666,
autoClose:true, //若为false则不会自动关闭
start:Number, //字节开始
end:Number//字节结束
}
(2)fs.createReadStream('sample.txt', {start: 90, end: 99});
(3)源代码
fs.createReadStream= function(path, options) {return newReadStream(path, options);
};13.****fs.createWriteStream(path[, options]) 返回WriteStream
(1)
{
flags:'w',
defaultEncoding:'utf8',
fd:null,
mode: 0o666,
autoClose:true}
(2)源代码底层实现
fs.createWriteStream= function(path, options) {return newWriteStream(path, options);
};
(3)例子********
var fs = require('fs'),
path= require('path'),
out=process.stdout;var filePath = 'x264-BATV.mkv';var readStream =fs.createReadStream(filePath);var writeStream = fs.createWriteStream('file.mkv');var stat =fs.statSync(filePath);var totalSize =stat.size;var passedLength = 0;var lastSize = 0;var startTime =Date.now();
readStream.on('data', function(chunk) {
passedLength+= chunk.length;//获得已经复制的大小
if (writeStream.write(chunk) === false) {
readStream.pause();
}
});
readStream.on('end', function() {
writeStream.end();
});
writeStream.on('drain', function() {
readStream.resume();
});
setTimeout(functionshow() {var percent = Math.ceil((passedLength / totalSize) * 100);var size = Math.ceil(passedLength / 1000000);var diff = size -lastSize;
lastSize=size;
out.clearLine();
out.cursorTo(0);
out.write('已完成' + size + 'MB, ' + percent + '%, 速度:' + diff * 2 + 'MB/s');if (passedLength
setTimeout(show,500);
}else{var endTime =Date.now();
console.log();
console.log('共用时:' + (endTime - startTime) / 1000 + '秒。');
}
},500);14.***创建目录
fs.mkdir(path[, mode], callback) mode默认0o777
fs.mkdirSync(path[, mode])//目录操作
fs.mkdir('/tmp/test',function(err){if(err) {returnconsole.error(err);
}
console.log("目录创建成功。");
});15.**fs.open(path, flags[, mode], callback) 打开文件
(1)flags'r' -读模式.文件不存在报异常'r+' -读写.文件不存在报异常'rs'同步读,跳过缓冲区 要同步用fs.openSync()'rs+'同步读写'w' -写模式. 文件不存在创建'wx' -写模式. 路径存在则失败'w+' -读写模式. 文件不存在创建'wx+' -读写模式. 路径存在则失败'a' -添加. 文件不存在创建'ax' -添加. 文件不存在失败'a+' -读添加. 文件不存在创建'ax+' -读添加. 文件不存在失败
(2)mode 默认0666 可读写
(3)回调函数包含两个参数 (err, fd)
(4)fs.openSync(path, flags[, mode]) 同步方法16.***fs.read(fd, buffer, offset, length, position, callback)
根据文件描述符fd来读取文件,回调(err, bytesRead, buffer)//例子
fs.open('input.txt', 'r+', function(err, fd) {if(err) {returnconsole.error(err);
}
console.log("文件打开成功!");
console.log("准备读取文件:");
fs.read(fd, buf,0, buf.length, 0, function(err, bytes){if(err){
console.log(err);
}
console.log(bytes+ " 字节被读取");//仅输出读取的字节
if(bytes > 0){
console.log(buf.slice(0, bytes).toString());
}
});
});17.***fs.readdir(path, callback) 读目录
(1)回调(err, files)files是文件的目录数组
(2)fs.readdirSync(path)同步方法
(3)例子
console.log("查看 /tmp 目录");
fs.readdir("/tmp/",function(err, files){if(err) {returnconsole.error(err);
}
files.forEach(function(file){
console.log( file );
});
});18.***fs.readFile(file[, options], callback) 度文件
(1)
file | filename or file descriptor
options | encoding | default = nullflag default = 'r'callback(2)例子
fs.readFile('/etc/passwd', 'utf8',(err, data) =>{if (err) throwerr;
console.log(data);
});
(3)fs.readFileSync(file[, options])同步读
返回文件的内容,如果制定encoding则返回字符串,否则返回buffervar source = fs.readFileSync('/path/to/source', {encoding: 'utf8'});
fs.writeFileSync('/path/to/dest', source);19. ***文件写操作
fs.rename(oldPath, newPath, callback) callback只有一个err
fs.renameSync(oldPath, newPath)20.***删除目录
fs.rmdir(path, callback)callback只有一个err
fs.rmdirSync(path)#//例子
console.log("准备删除目录 /tmp/test");
fs.rmdir("/tmp/test",function(err){if(err) {returnconsole.error(err);
}
console.log("读取 /tmp 目录");
fs.readdir("/tmp/",function(err, files){if(err) {returnconsole.error(err);
}
files.forEach(function(file){
console.log( file );
});
});
});21.***列出文件属性
fs.stat(path, callback)# 两个参数(err, stats)
fs.statSync(path) 返回fs.Stats.20.***截取文件
fs.truncate(path, len, callback)== fs.ftruncate(path,len,callback)//截断文件
fs.truncateSync(path, len)
(1)例子var fs = require("fs");var buf = new Buffer(1024);
console.log("准备打开文件!");
fs.open('input.txt', 'r+', function(err, fd) {if(err) {returnconsole.error(err);
}
console.log("文件打开成功!");
console.log("截取10字节后的文件内容。");//截取文件
fs.ftruncate(fd, 10, function(err){if(err){
console.log(err);
}
console.log("文件截取成功。");
console.log("读取相同的文件");
fs.read(fd, buf,0, buf.length, 0, function(err, bytes){if(err){
console.log(err);
}//仅输出读取的字节
if(bytes > 0){
console.log(buf.slice(0, bytes).toString());
}//关闭文件
fs.close(fd, function(err){if(err){
console.log(err);
}
console.log("文件关闭成功!");
});
});
});
});21.***fs.unwatchFile(filename[, listener])
(1)停止监听文件变化
fs.watch(filename[, options][, listener])
options:{ persistent:true, recursive: false}.
listener:(event, filename)
(2)例子
fs.watch('somedir', (event, filename) =>{
console.log(`event is: ${event}`);if(filename) {
console.log(`filename provided: ${filename}`);
}else{
console.log('filename not provided');
}
});22.***fs.watchFile(filename[, options], listener)//文档中介绍原理是轮询(每隔一個固定的时间去检查文件是否改动)
(1)options:{ persistent: true, interval: 5007}.
(2)例子
fs.watchFile('message.text', (curr, prev) =>{
console.log(`the current mtime is: ${curr.mtime}`);
console.log(`the previous mtime was: ${prev.mtime}`);
});//watch()这个方法是通过监听操作系统提供的各种“事件”(内核发布的消息)实现的
fs.watch() is more efficient than fs.watchFile23.***写文件
(1)fs.write(fd, data[, position[, encoding]], callback)
(2)fs.writeFile(file, data[, options], callback)
(4)同步方法
fs.writeFileSync(file, data[, options])
fs.writeSync(fd, buffer, offset, length[, position])
fs.writeSync(fd, data[, position[, encoding]])
(5)例子,重写会覆盖
fs.writeFile('input.txt', '我是通过写入的文件内容!', function(err) {if(err) {returnconsole.error(err);
}
console.log("数据写入成功!");
console.log("--------我是分割线-------------")
console.log("读取写入的数据!");
fs.readFile('input.txt', function(err, data) {if(err) {returnconsole.error(err);
}
console.log("异步读取文件数据: " +data.toString());
});
});