python编程快速上手自动化_Python编程快速上手----让繁琐的工作自动化（1. python编程基础）...

python工具：pycharm配置以及使用

http://blog.csdn.net/hk2291976/article/details/51141868

一.python基础

1.数字运算符

2**3 指数 =8

22%8 取余 =6

22//8 整除 =2

22/8 除法 =2.75

3*5 乘法 =15

2.数据类型

整型 -2，0，3浮点型-3.5， 0.0， 8.9字符串型 ‘qq','HELLO!','11CAT'

3.字符串连接和复制

>>> 'Alice'+'Bob'

'AliceBob'

>>> 'Alice'*3

'AliceAliceAlice'

4.变量名规则

不允许：

中划线

空格

数字开头

特殊字符$'python常用变量名：

小写字母开头

5.常用函数

>>> myname=input() #这里是注释：输入#

liujiao>>> print('Nice to meet you, myname is' + myname)#输出#

Nice to meet you, myname isliujiao>>> spam=input()100

>>> spam #输入为字符串#

'100'

>>> len('hello') #字符串长度#

5

>>> str(29)#整数转变为字符串#

'29'

>>> int('42')#字符串转变为整型#

42

>>> float('3')#整数转变为浮点数#

3.0

>>> int(7.7))#浮点数转变为整数#

7

二.控制流

1.布尔值，比较操作符

>>>#==和！=用于所有数据类型的比较#

>>> 44==88False>>> 'hello'=='Hello'False>>> 23==23.0True>>> 23=='23.0'False>>> 2!=3True>>> 'cat'!='dog'True

>>>#<和>和<=和>=用于整型和浮点型#

2.布尔操作符

>>> True andTrue

True>>> True andFalse

False>>> True orFalse

True>>> False orFalse

False

>>> not True

False

3.混合布尔和比较操作符

>>> (4<5) and (5<6)

True

>>> (4<5) and (5<6) or (not 2+2==4)

True

4.if/elseif/else

>>> name = 'Bob'

>>> age = 5

>>> if name =='Alice':print('Hi,Alice')elif age<12:print('hi')else:print('hello')

hi

5.while/sys.exit

importsyswhileTrue:　　#当用于条件判断时，0，0.0，‘’（空字符串）被认为是False，其他值被认为是Trueprint('Type exit to exit.')

response=input()if response == 'your name':

sys.exit()#退出程序

#break #退出循环

print('good job')print('end')

6.for/range()

for i in range(5):print('i is' + str(i))

for i in range(10,13):print('i is' + str(i))

for i in range(10,20,5):print('i is' + str(i))

三.函数

1.print()

>>> spam = print('hello')

hello>>> None ==spam

True>>> print('cat', 'dog','mice')

cat dog mice>>> print('cat', 'dog','mice', sep=',')

cat,dog,mice

>>> print('one two three' + \

... 'four five')

one two threefour five

2.try/catch

defspam(dividedBy):try:return 42/dividedByexceptZeroDivisionError:print('Error')print(spam(0))print(spam(2)) #继续执行

输出

Error

None21.0

defspam(dividedBy):return 42/dividedBytry:print(spam(0))print(spam(2)) #一旦执行到except语句，就无法返回

exceptZeroDivisionError:print('Error')

输出

Error

四.列表

1.一维列表/二维列表/下标/切片

>>> spam=['cat','dog','rice']>>>spam[0]'cat'

>>> spam[0:2]

['cat', 'dog']>>> spam=[['cat','dog','rice'],[10,20,30]]>>> spam[1][2]30

2.列表链接和复制

>>> [1,2,3]+['a','b','c']

[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']>>> [1,2,3]*3[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

3.列表删除

>>> spam=['cat','dog','mice']>>> del spam[2]>>>spam

['cat', 'dog']

4.in/not in操作符

>>> 'cat' in ['cat','dog']

True>>> 'mice' not in ['cat','dog']

True

5.多重赋值

>>> spam=['cat','dog','mice']>>> cat,dog,mice=spam>>>cat'cat'

>>>dog'dog'

>>>mice'mice'

6.列表的其他方法

>>> spam=['cat','dog','mice']>>> spam.index('dog')1

>>> spam.append('monkey')>>>spam

['cat', 'dog', 'mice', 'monkey']>>> spam.insert(1,'chicken')>>>spam

['cat', 'chicken', 'dog', 'mice', 'monkey']>>> spam.remove('monkey')>>>spam

['cat', 'chicken', 'dog', 'mice']>>> spam.insert(1,'chicken')>>>spam

['cat', 'chicken', 'chicken', 'dog', 'mice']>>> spam.remove('chicken') #只能删除第一次出现的chichen

>>>spam

['cat', 'chicken', 'dog', 'mice']>>> spam = [2,5,-9,8]>>>spam.sort()>>>spam

[-9, 2, 5, 8]>>> spam.sort(reverse=True)>>>spam

[8, 5, 2, -9]

6.字符串和元组

五.字典和结构化数据

1.字典的定义

>>> mycat={'size':'fat','color':'gray','disposition':'loud'}>>> mycat['size']'fat'

2.字典与列表

>>> spam=['cat','dog','mouse']>>> bacon=['dog','cat','mouse']>>> spam==bacon #列表是排序的

False>>> mycat={'size':'fat','color':'gray','disposition':'loud'}>>> hercat={'color':'gray','disposition':'loud','size':'fat'}>>> mycat==hercat #字典是不排序的

True

3.字典的用法

1）keys, values,items

>>> mycat={'size':'fat','color':'gray','disposition':'loud'}>>> for k inmycat.keys():

...print(k)

...

size

color

disposition>>>

>>>

>>> for v inmycat.values():

...print(v)

...

fat

gray

loud>>> for i inmycat.items():

...print(i)

...

('size', 'fat')

('color', 'gray')

('disposition', 'loud')

>>> list(mycat.keys())

['size', 'color', 'disposition']

>>> for k,v in mycat.items():

... print('key:' + k + ',value:' + v)

...

key:size,value:fat

key:color,value:gray

key:disposition,value:loud

>>> 'fat' in mycat.values()

True

>>> 'color' in mycat.keys()

True

2)get(), setdefault()

>>> mycat.get('color', 'white')'gray'

>>> mycat.get('colors', 'white')'white'

>>> mycat.setdefault('width',8)8

>>> mycat.setdefault('width',10)8

>>>mycat

{'size': 'fat', 'color': 'gray', 'disposition': 'loud', 'width': 8}

4.嵌套的字典和列表

allGuests = {'Alice': {'apples': 5, 'bananas':4},'Bob': {'sandwiches':3, 'apples':3},'Carol': {'cups':10, 'apple pies': 9}}deftotalBrought(guests, item):

numbrought=0for k,v inguests.items():

numbrought= numbrought +v.get(item, 0)returnnumbroughtprint('Apples' + str(totalBrought(allGuests, 'apples')))print('Cakes' + str(totalBrought(allGuests, 'cakes')))

D:\liujiao\python3.6.0\python.exe D:/liujiao/pyCharm/test/test.py

Apples8Cakes 0

六.字符串操作

1.处理字符串

>>> spam = 'This is Alice\'s cat'

>>>spam"This is Alice's cat"

>>> """This is test python program,

... written by liujiao"""

'This is test python program,\nwritten by liujiao'

>>>spam[0]'T'

>>> spam[3:7]'s is'

>>> 'hello' in 'hello world'

True

>>> 'HELLO' in 'hello world'

False

2.有用的字符串方法

1）upper(), lower(),isupper(),islower()

>>> spam = 'Hello world'

>>> spam =spam.lower()>>>spam'hello world'

>>>spam.upper()'HELLO WORLD'

>>> spam = 'Hello world'

>>>spam.islower()

False>>> 'abc1234'.islower()

True>>> '123'.islower()

False>>> '123'.isupper()

False

2)isX

isalpha（）：字符串只包含字母，并且非空。则为true

isalnum（）：字符串只包含字母和数字，并且非空。则为true

isdecimal（）：字符串只包含数字字符，并且非空。则为true

isspace（）：字符串只包含空格，制表符和换行，并且非空。则为true

istitle（）：字符串只包含以大写字母开头，后面都是小写字母的单词。则为true

3）startswith（），endswith（）

>>> 'hello world'.startswith('hello')

True>>> 'hello world'.endswith('world')

True

4）join（），split（）

>>> ','.join(['cat', 'dog','mouse'])'cat,dog,mouse'

>>>

>>> 'my name is liujiao'.split()

['my', 'name', 'is', 'liujiao']>>> 'my name is liujiao'.split('m')

['', 'y na', 'e is liujiao']