本文介绍如何使用darknet库的python接口处理单张图片和视频。首先，克隆darknet项目，修改配置并编译。然后，通过加载预训练模型和元数据对图像进行目标检测，画出边界框并保存结果。对于视频处理，代码将视频拆分为帧，对每一帧应用目标检测，最后将处理过的帧重新组合成新视频。但存在一些问题，如生成的avi视频文件大小剧增，仅支持.avi格式，以及处理速度慢等。
目标
使用 darknet (https://github.com/pjreddie/darknet) 自带的 python 接口处理图片和视频。
project 下载
git clone https://github.com/pjreddie/darknet
cd darknet
#改一些配置 ,具体操作见 我的上一份博客的结尾部分
#(https://blog.csdn.net/qq_20241587/article/details/111176541)
make
处理单张图片
即：指定一张图片的路径，指定检测结果新图片的存放位置，进行 model检测+画框+另存为新图片.
下图中，左边是处理前的样子，右边是处理后的样子，两张图位置在代码中指定
代码如下。
核心改动处 ：
1 # lib = CDLL("libdarknet.so", RTLD_GLOBAL) , 改成自己的项目的具体地址
2 使用 cv2.rectangle 画框框， 使用cv2.putText 放文字，为了避免框框和文字交叉，我加了一丢丢的偏移量。
其中 yolov3的输出是 ：
label_i = box_i[0] #标签
prob_i = box_i[1] #标签置信度
x_ = box_i[2][0]
y_ = box_i[2][1]
w_ = box_i[2][2]
h_ = box_i[2][3] # bbox信息(x,y,w,h)为物体的中心位置相对格子位置的偏移及宽度和高度,
cv2.rectangle(image, (int(x_ - w_ / 2), int(y_ - h_ / 2)),
(int(x_ + w_ / 2), int(y_ + h_ / 2)),
color, line_type)
cv2.putText(image, text_, (int(x_ - w_ / 2 - 5), int(y_ - h_ / 2 - 5)), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.7, color,
2)
from ctypes import *
import math
import random
import cv2
import os
def sample(probs):
s = sum(probs)
probs = [a / s for a in probs]
r = random.uniform(0, 1)
for i in range(len(probs)):
r = r - probs[i]
if r <= 0:
return i
return len(probs) - 1
def c_array(ctype, values):
arr = (ctype * len(values))()
arr[:] = values
return arr
class BOX(Structure):
_fields_ = [("x", c_float),
("y", c_float),
("w", c_float),
("h", c_float)]
class DETECTION(Structure):
_fields_ = [("bbox", BOX),
("classes", c_int),
("prob", POINTER(c_float)),
("mask", POINTER(c_float)),
("objectness", c_float),
("sort_class", c_int)]
class IMAGE(Structure):
_fields_ = [("w", c_int),
("h", c_int),
("c", c_int),
("data", POINTER(c_float))]
class METADATA(Structure):
_fields_ = [("classes", c_int),
("names", POINTER(c_char_p))]
lib = CDLL("/home/jiantang/桌面/enn/workcode/yoloV3/github/darknet/libdarknet.so", RTLD_GLOBAL)
# lib = CDLL("libdarknet.so", RTLD_GLOBAL)
lib.network_width.argtypes = [c_void_p]
lib.network_width.restype = c_int
lib.network_height.argtypes = [c_void_p]
lib.network_height.restype = c_int
predict = lib.network_predict
predict.argtypes = [c_void_p, POINTER(c_float)]
predict.restype = POINTER(c_float)
set_gpu = lib.cuda_set_device
set_gpu.argtypes = [c_int]
make_image = lib.make_image
make_image.argtypes = [c_int, c_int, c_int]
make_image.restype = IMAGE
get_network_boxes = lib.get_network_boxes
get_network_boxes.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_int, c_int, c_float, c_float, POINTER(c_int), c_int, POINTER(c_int)]
get_network_boxes.restype = POINTER(DETECTION)
make_network_boxes = lib.make_network_boxes
make_network_boxes.argtypes = [c_void_p]
make_network_boxes.restype = POINTER(DETECTION)
free_detections = lib.free_detections
free_detections.argtypes = [POINTER(DETECTION), c_int]
free_ptrs = lib.free_ptrs
free_ptrs.argtypes = [POINTER(c_void_p), c_int]
network_predict = lib.network_predict
network_predict.argtypes = [c_void_p, POINTER(c_float)]
reset_rnn = lib.reset_rnn
reset_rnn.argtypes = [c_void_p]
load_net = lib.load_network
load_net.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char_p, c_int]
load_net.restype = c_void_p
do_nms_obj = lib.do_nms_obj
do_nms_obj.argtypes = [POINTER(DETECTION), c_int, c_int, c_float]
do_nms_sort = lib.do_nms_sort
do_nms_sort.argtypes = [POINTER(DETECTION), c_int, c_int, c_float]
free_image = lib.free_image
free_image.argtypes = [IMAGE]
letterbox_image = lib.letterbox_image
letterbox_image.argtypes = [IMAGE, c_int, c_int]
letterbox_image.restype = IMAGE
load_meta = lib.get_metadata
lib.get_metadata.argtypes = [c_char_p]
lib.get_metadata.restype = METADATA
load_image = lib.load_image_color
load_image.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_int]
load_image.restype = IMAGE
rgbgr_image = lib.rgbgr_image
rgbgr_image.argtypes = [IMAGE]
predict_image = lib.network_predict_image
predict_image.argtypes = [c_void_p, IMAGE]
predict_image.restype = POINTER(c_float)
# net_d = load_net(b"../cfg/yolov3.cfg", b"../yolov3.weights", 0)
# meta_d = load_meta(b"../cfg/coco.data")
def classify(net, meta, im):
out = predict_image(net, im)
res = []
for i in range(meta.classes):
res.append((meta.names[i], out[i]))
res = sorted(res, key=lambda x: -x[1])
return res
def detect(net, meta, image, thresh=.5, hier_thresh=.5, nms=.45):
im = load_image(image, 0, 0)
num = c_int(0)
pnum = pointer(num)
predict_image(net, im)
dets = get_network_boxes(net, im.w, im.h, thresh, hier_thresh, None, 0, pnum)
num = pnum[0]
if (nms): do_nms_obj(dets, num, meta.classes, nms);
res = []
for j in range(num):
for i in range(meta.classes):
if dets[j].prob[i] > 0:
b = dets[j].bbox
res.append((meta.names[i], dets[j].prob[i], (b.x, b.y, b.w, b.h)))
res = sorted(res, key=lambda x: -x[1])
free_image(im)
free_detections(dets, num)
return res
def detect_and_boxing(net, meta, b_path, raw_path, save_path,
color=(0.255, 255), line_type=1):
image = cv2.imread(raw_path)
r = detect(net, meta, b_path)
if not len(r) > 0:
print("nothing detected in this picture!")
else:
for i in range(len(r)):
box_i = r[i]
label_i = box_i[0]
prob_i = box_i[1]
x_ = box_i[2][0]
y_ = box_i[2][1]
w_ = box_i[2][2]
h_ = box_i[2][3]
text_ = str(label_i) + "," + str(round(prob_i, 3))
cv2.rectangle(image, (int(x_ - w_ / 2), int(y_ - h_ / 2)),
(int(x_ + w_ / 2), int(y_ + h_ / 2)),
color, line_type)
cv2.putText(image, text_, (int(x_ - w_ / 2 - 5), int(y_ - h_ / 2 - 5)), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.7, color,
2)
cv2.imwrite(save_path, image)
print("boxing ", i, " found ", label_i, "with prob = ", prob_i, ", finished!")
print("box position is :", box_i[2])
if __name__ == "__main__":
# net = load_net("cfg/densenet201.cfg", "/home/pjreddie/trained/densenet201.weights", 0)
# im = load_image("data/wolf.jpg", 0, 0)
# meta = load_meta("cfg/imagenet1k.data")
# r = classify(net, meta, im)
# print(r)
net = load_net(b"../cfg/yolov3.cfg", b"../yolov3.weights", 0)
meta = load_meta(b"../cfg/coco.data")
b_path = b"../data/hat_sougou2.jpg"
raw_path = "../data/hat_sougou2.jpg"
save_path = "/home/jiantang/z_test/hat_sougou2.jpg"
detect_and_boxing(net, meta, b_path=b_path, raw_path=raw_path, save_path=save_path)
处理视频
即：指定一视频的路径，指定检测结果新新品和中间产生的临时帧的存放位置，进行 帧获取+ model检测+画框+另存为新帧 + 拼成新video.
(这个视频43秒，63M，.avi 格式。
产生的框好的新视频为 41秒， 55帧每秒， 6.9G，.avi 格式，每帧400kb左右 )
效果如下，原视频对比我就不放了，，因为每秒55帧，所以流畅感没啥问题。
代码有一些潜在的问题：
1 .avi格式产生的新视频size 好大，63M 成了6.9G ，而且这个代码仅支持.avi格式。
2 因为是一个视频，不知道原视频帧率，所以新视频指定帧率后，时长有一丢丢差异。
3 处理速度感人 (中间有很多帧s的磁盘读写操作，，严重拉垮了速度。 model detect 速度使用GPU还是很快的，真要用实时的，不用把帧和新帧存起来，直接走内存display)
代码如下 (新建一个darknet_video.py文件)：
from ctypes import *
import math
import random
import cv2
import os
def sample(probs):
s = sum(probs)
probs = [a / s for a in probs]
r = random.uniform(0, 1)
for i in range(len(probs)):
r = r - probs[i]
if r <= 0:
return i
return len(probs) - 1
def c_array(ctype, values):
arr = (ctype * len(values))()
arr[:] = values
return arr
class BOX(Structure):
_fields_ = [("x", c_float),
("y", c_float),
("w", c_float),
("h", c_float)]
class DETECTION(Structure):
_fields_ = [("bbox", BOX),
("classes", c_int),
("prob", POINTER(c_float)),
("mask", POINTER(c_float)),
("objectness", c_float),
("sort_class", c_int)]
class IMAGE(Structure):
_fields_ = [("w", c_int),
("h", c_int),
("c", c_int),
("data", POINTER(c_float))]
class METADATA(Structure):
_fields_ = [("classes", c_int),
("names", POINTER(c_char_p))]
lib = CDLL("/home/jiantang/桌面/enn/workcode/yoloV3/github/darknet/libdarknet.so", RTLD_GLOBAL)
# lib = CDLL("libdarknet.so", RTLD_GLOBAL)
lib.network_width.argtypes = [c_void_p]
lib.network_width.restype = c_int
lib.network_height.argtypes = [c_void_p]
lib.network_height.restype = c_int
predict = lib.network_predict
predict.argtypes = [c_void_p, POINTER(c_float)]
predict.restype = POINTER(c_float)
set_gpu = lib.cuda_set_device
set_gpu.argtypes = [c_int]
make_image = lib.make_image
make_image.argtypes = [c_int, c_int, c_int]
make_image.restype = IMAGE
get_network_boxes = lib.get_network_boxes
get_network_boxes.argtypes = [c_void_p, c_int, c_int, c_float, c_float, POINTER(c_int), c_int, POINTER(c_int)]
get_network_boxes.restype = POINTER(DETECTION)
make_network_boxes = lib.make_network_boxes
make_network_boxes.argtypes = [c_void_p]
make_network_boxes.restype = POINTER(DETECTION)
free_detections = lib.free_detections
free_detections.argtypes = [POINTER(DETECTION), c_int]
free_ptrs = lib.free_ptrs
free_ptrs.argtypes = [POINTER(c_void_p), c_int]
network_predict = lib.network_predict
network_predict.argtypes = [c_void_p, POINTER(c_float)]
reset_rnn = lib.reset_rnn
reset_rnn.argtypes = [c_void_p]
load_net = lib.load_network
load_net.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_char_p, c_int]
load_net.restype = c_void_p
do_nms_obj = lib.do_nms_obj
do_nms_obj.argtypes = [POINTER(DETECTION), c_int, c_int, c_float]
do_nms_sort = lib.do_nms_sort
do_nms_sort.argtypes = [POINTER(DETECTION), c_int, c_int, c_float]
free_image = lib.free_image
free_image.argtypes = [IMAGE]
letterbox_image = lib.letterbox_image
letterbox_image.argtypes = [IMAGE, c_int, c_int]
letterbox_image.restype = IMAGE
load_meta = lib.get_metadata
lib.get_metadata.argtypes = [c_char_p]
lib.get_metadata.restype = METADATA
load_image = lib.load_image_color
load_image.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_int, c_int]
load_image.restype = IMAGE
rgbgr_image = lib.rgbgr_image
rgbgr_image.argtypes = [IMAGE]
predict_image = lib.network_predict_image
predict_image.argtypes = [c_void_p, IMAGE]
predict_image.restype = POINTER(c_float)
net_d = load_net(b"../cfg/yolov3.cfg", b"../yolov3.weights", 0)
meta_d = load_meta(b"../cfg/coco.data")
def classify(net, meta, im):
out = predict_image(net, im)
res = []
for i in range(meta.classes):
res.append((meta.names[i], out[i]))
res = sorted(res, key=lambda x: -x[1])
return res
def detect(net, meta, image, thresh=.5, hier_thresh=.5, nms=.45):
im = load_image(image, 0, 0)
num = c_int(0)
pnum = pointer(num)
predict_image(net, im)
dets = get_network_boxes(net, im.w, im.h, thresh, hier_thresh, None, 0, pnum)
num = pnum[0]
if (nms): do_nms_obj(dets, num, meta.classes, nms);
res = []
for j in range(num):
for i in range(meta.classes):
if dets[j].prob[i] > 0:
b = dets[j].bbox
res.append((meta.names[i], dets[j].prob[i], (b.x, b.y, b.w, b.h)))
res = sorted(res, key=lambda x: -x[1])
free_image(im)
free_detections(dets, num)
return res
# calc all box , red label for the biggest one ,yellow label for the rest, save the img to a specific path
def detect_and_boxing_default(b_path, raw_path, save_path,
color=(0.255, 255), line_type=1):
print("checking pic...", raw_path)
image = cv2.imread(raw_path)
r = detect(net_d, meta_d, b_path)
if not len(r) > 0:
print("nothing detected in this picture!")
else:
print(len(r), " stuff detected in this picture! boxing...")
print("going to save as :", save_path)
for i in range(len(r)):
box_i = r[i]
label_i = box_i[0]
prob_i = box_i[1]
x_ = box_i[2][0]
y_ = box_i[2][1]
w_ = box_i[2][2]
h_ = box_i[2][3]
text_ = str(label_i) + "," + str(round(prob_i, 3))
cv2.rectangle(image, (int(x_ - w_ / 2), int(y_ - h_ / 2)),
(int(x_ + w_ / 2), int(y_ + h_ / 2)),
color, line_type)
cv2.putText(image, text_, (int(x_ - w_ / 2 - 5), int(y_ - h_ / 2 - 5)), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.7, color,
2)
cv2.imwrite(save_path, image)
def video_to_pics(video_path='/home/jiantang/work_data/sample_video.avi',
video_out_path='/home/jiantang/work_data/'):
print("video_to_pics start...")
vc = cv2.VideoCapture(video_path)
c = 1
if vc.isOpened():
rval, frame = vc.read()
else:
print('open error!')
rval = False
count_c = 1
while rval:
rval, frame = vc.read()
if rval:
print("dealing with frame : ", count_c)
cv2.imwrite(video_out_path + str(int(c)) + '.jpg', frame)
c += 1
cv2.waitKey(1)
count_c += 1
vc.release()
print("video_to_pics finished...")
def pics_boxing(pics_path, save_path):
raw_save_path = save_path
print("pics_boxing start...")
print("checking path : ", pics_path)
pics_names = os.listdir(pics_path)
print("found pics num :", len(pics_names))
count_c = 1
for name in pics_names:
print("dealing with pics ", count_c)
raw_path = pics_path + "/" + name
b_path = bytes(raw_path, encoding="utf8")
save_path = raw_save_path + "/" + name
detect_and_boxing_default(b_path, raw_path, save_path)
count_c += 1
print("pics_boxing finished...")
def pics_to_video(pics_path, video_new_path='/home/jiantang/work_data/sample_video_new.avi', ):
print("pics_to_video start...")
print("checking files in :", pics_path)
file_list = os.listdir(pics_path)
# remove non-jpg files, remove .jpg sign
tmp_jpg = []
for name in file_list:
if not name.endswith('.jpg'):
print("found sth called:", name, ", skip it.")
file_list.remove(name)
continue
tmp_jpg.append(name.replace(".jpg", ""))
# sort names
tmp_jpg.sort(key=int)
fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc('I', '4', '2', '0') # 设置输出视频为avi格式
# cap_fps是帧率，可以根据随意设置；size要和图片的size一样，但是通过img.shape得到图像的参数是
# (height，width，channel)，但是此处的size要传的是(width，height)，这里一定要注意注意，
# 不然结果会打不开，提示“无法解码多工传送的流”等.比如通过img.shape得到常用的图片尺寸
# (1080,1920,3)，则size设为(1920,1080)
cap_fps = 50
size = (1920, 1080)
# 设置视频输出的参数
video = cv2.VideoWriter(video_new_path, fourcc, cap_fps, size)
# video.write默认保存彩色图，如果是彩色图，则直接保存
for name in tmp_jpg:
img_E = cv2.imread(pics_path + "/" + name + ".jpg")
print("reading....")
video.write(img_E)
video.release()
print("pics_to_video finished...")
video_path = '/home/jiantang/work_data/sample_video.avi'
video_out_path = '/home/jiantang/work_data/pics/'
video_out_dir = '/home/jiantang/work_data/pics'
video_out_new_path = '/home/jiantang/work_data/pics_new'
video_new_path = '/home/jiantang/work_data/sample_video_new.avi'
video_to_pics(video_path, video_out_path)
pics_boxing(video_out_dir, video_out_new_path)
pics_to_video(video_out_new_path, video_new_path)
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