python中case的用法_python中Switch/Case实现的示例代码

python 的 python中Switch/Case实现的示例代码

学习Python过程中，发现没有switch-case,过去写C习惯用Switch/Case语句，官方文档说通过if-elif实现。所以不妨自己来实现Switch/Case功能。

使用if…elif…elif…else 实现switch/case

可以使用if…elif…elif..else序列来代替switch/case语句，这是大家最容易想到的办法。但是随着分支的增多和修改的频繁，这种代替方式并不很好调试和维护。

方法一

通过字典实现

def foo(var):

return {

'a': 1，

'b': 2,

'c': 3,

}.get(var,'error') #'error'为默认返回值，可自设置

方法二

通过匿名函数实现

def foo(var,x):

return {

'a': lambda x: x+1,

'b': lambda x: x+2,

'c': lambda x: x+3,

}[var](x)

方法三

通过定义类实现

参考通过类来实现Swich-case

# This class provides the functionality we want. You only need to look at

# this if you want to know how this works. It only needs to be defined

# once, no need to muck around with its internals.

class switch(object):

def __init__(self, value):

self.value = value

self.fall = False

def __iter__(self):

"""Return the match method once, then stop"""

yield self.match

raise StopIteration

def match(self, *args):

"""Indicate whether or not to enter a case suite"""

if self.fall or not args:

return True

elif self.value in args: # changed for v1.5, see below

self.fall = True

return True

else:

return False

# The following example is pretty much the exact use-case of a dictionary,

# but is included for its simplicity. Note that you can include statements

# in each suite.

v = 'ten'

for case in switch(v):

if case('one'):

print 1

break

if case('two'):

print 2

break

if case('ten'):

print 10

break

if case('eleven'):

print 11

break

if case(): # default, could also just omit condition or 'if True'

print "something else!"

# No need to break here, it'll stop anyway

# break is used here to look as much like the real thing as possible, but

# elif is generally just as good and more concise.

# Empty suites are considered syntax errors, so intentional fall-throughs

# should contain 'pass'

c = 'z'

for case in switch(c):

if case('a'): pass # only necessary if the rest of the suite is empty

if case('b'): pass

# ...

if case('y'): pass

if case('z'):

print "c is lowercase!"

break

if case('A'): pass

# ...

if case('Z'):

print "c is uppercase!"

break

if case(): # default

print "I dunno what c was!"

# As suggested by Pierre Quentel, you can even expand upon the

# functionality of the classic 'case' statement by matching multiple

# cases in a single shot. This greatly benefits operations such as the

# uppercase/lowercase example above:

import string

c = 'A'

for case in switch(c):

if case(*string.lowercase): # note the * for unpacking as arguments

print "c is lowercase!"

break

if case(*string.uppercase):

print "c is uppercase!"

break

if case('!', '?', '.'): # normal argument passing style also applies

print "c is a sentence terminator!"

break

if case(): # default

print "I dunno what c was!"

# Since Pierre's suggestion is backward-compatible with the original recipe,

# I have made the necessary modification to allow for the above usage.

查看Python官方:PEP 3103-A Switch/Case Statement

发现其实实现Switch Case需要被判断的变量是可哈希的和可比较的，这与Python倡导的灵活性有冲突。在实现上，优化不好做，可能到最后最差的情况汇编出来跟If Else组是一样的。所以Python没有支持。

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