匈牙利算法是一种用于解决指派问题的优化算法,其主要用途是在给定的两组元素之间建立最优的一对一关系。匈牙利算法的 Matlab 实现如下:
```Matlab
function [assignments, cost] = hungarian_algorithm(cost_matrix)
m = size(cost_matrix, 1);
n = size(cost_matrix, 2);
% 第一步:行减去当前行的最小值
for i = 1:m
row_min = min(cost_matrix(i, :));
cost_matrix(i, :) = cost_matrix(i, :) - row_min;
end
% 第二步:列减去当前列的最小值
for i = 1:n
column_min = min(cost_matrix(:, i));
cost_matrix(:, i) = cost_matrix(:, i) - column_min;
end
% 第三步:用最少的线覆盖所有的0
assignments = zeros(m, 1);
star_matrix = zeros(m, n);
prime_matrix = zeros(m, n);
covered_rows = zeros(m, 1);
covered_columns = zeros(n, 1);
while true
[row, column] = find(cost_matrix == 0 & ~covered_rows & ~covered_columns, 1);
if isempty(row)
break;
end
star_matrix(row, :) = 1;
prime_matrix(row, column) = 1;
covered_rows(row) = 1;
covered_columns(column) = 1;
end
% 第四步:寻找未覆盖元素中的最小值
while true
[row, column] = find(cost_matrix == 0 & ~covered_rows, 1);
if isempty(row)
break;
end
prime_matrix(row, column) = 1;
[star_row, ~] = find(star_matrix(row, :) == 1, 1);
if isempty(star_row)
path = [row, column];
while true
[star_row, star_column] = find(star_matrix(:, path(end, 2)) == 1, 1);
prime_matrix(star_row, path(end, 2)) = 0;
path = [path; star_row, path(end, 2)];
[prime_row, prime_column] = find(prime_matrix(:, path(end, 2)) == 1, 1);
path = [path; prime_row, path(end, 2)];
if isempty(star_column)
break;
end
path = [path; star_row, star_column];
end
for i = 1:size(path, 1)
if mod(i, 2) == 1
star_matrix(path(i, 1), path(i, 2)) = 1;
else
star_matrix(path(i, 1), path(i, 2)) = 0;
end
end
covered_rows = zeros(m, 1);
covered_columns = zeros(n, 1);
for i = 1:size(star_matrix, 1)
[star_row, ~] = find(star_matrix(i, :) == 1, 1);
if ~isempty(star_row)
covered_rows(i) = 1;
covered_columns(star_row) = 1;
end
end
cost_matrix(cost_matrix == 0 & (covered_rows | ~covered_columns)) = Inf;
cost_matrix(cost_matrix == 0 & (~covered_rows | covered_columns)) = 0;
else
covered_rows(row) = 1;
covered_columns(star_row) = 0;
end
end
% 计算最优解和最小代价
assignments = find(star_matrix == 1);
cost = sum(cost_matrix(assignments));
end
```
这是一个实现匈牙利算法的 Matlab 函数。它接受一个代价矩阵作为输入,并返回一个分配结果和最小代价。你可以使用这个函数来解决任何指派问题。