HTTP工具类（RestTemplate）

在开发过程中，使用HTTP调用外系统必然不可避免，关于HTTP工具很多，我通常选用RestTemplate进行调用。调用方法可以分为两种：

1.直接在service中进行引用 ，这种方法会出现许多代码重复性工作，出现代码冗余。

@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;

2.进行封装成工具类。进行调用，这种方法将避免代码冗余，下面进行演示。

首先我们需要引用jar包

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.68</version>
        </dependency>

其次需要一个ErrorHandler

package com.example.demo.config;

import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.client.DefaultResponseErrorHandler;
import org.springframework.web.client.ResponseErrorHandler;

import java.io.IOException;

public class CustomResponseErrorHandler implements ResponseErrorHandler {
    private ResponseErrorHandler responseErrorHandler = new DefaultResponseErrorHandler();

    @Override
    public boolean hasError(ClientHttpResponse clientHttpResponse) throws IOException {
        return responseErrorHandler.hasError(clientHttpResponse);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleError(ClientHttpResponse clientHttpResponse) throws IOException {
        responseErrorHandler.handleError(clientHttpResponse);
    }
}

然后进行RestTemplate配置，设置连接池

package com.example.demo.config;

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.List;


@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
    /**
     * 连接池最大连接数
     */
    private int maxTotalCount = 300;
    /**
     * 单个主机的最大连接数
     */
    private int maxConnectPerRoute = 100;
    /**
     * 链接超时
     */
    private int connectTimeOut = 30000;
    /**
     * 读取超时
     */
    private int socketTimeOut = 30000;

    /**
     * 创建HTTP客户端工厂
     * @param httpClient
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public ClientHttpRequestFactory createFactory(HttpClient httpClient) {
        return new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient);
    }

    /**
     * 初始化RestTemplate，并加入spring的bean工厂，交由spring统一管理
     * @param creeateFactory
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory creeateFactory) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(creeateFactory);
        //工薪设置StringHttpMessageConverter字符集为UTF-8，解决中文乱码
        List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterList = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();
        HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = null;
        for (HttpMessageConverter<?> item : converterList) {
            if (StringHttpMessageConverter.class == item.getClass()) {
                converter = item;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (null != converter) {
            converterList.remove(converter);
        }
        converterList.add(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        restTemplate.setErrorHandler(new CustomResponseErrorHandler());
        return restTemplate;
    }

    /**
     * 创建HttpClient
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public HttpClient httpClient() {
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
        connectionManager.setMaxTotal(this.maxTotalCount);
        connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(this.maxConnectPerRoute);

        RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setSocketTimeout(this.socketTimeOut)
                .setConnectTimeout(this.connectTimeOut)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(this.connectTimeOut)
                .build();
        return HttpClientBuilder.create()
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(config)
                .setConnectionManager(connectionManager)
                .build();
    }

}

最后对RestTemplate进行封装，本文只进行post封装，如有其他需要，自行封装。

package com.example.demo.utils;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.thymeleaf.util.StringUtils;

public class RestTemplateConnection {

    public static <T> ResponseEntity<T> postForEntity(String url, JSONObject requestParam, Class<T> responseType){
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(url)){
            return null;
        }
        return exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, requestParam, responseType);
    }

    private static <T> ResponseEntity<T> exchange(String url, HttpMethod httpMethod, JSONObject requestJson, Class<T> responseType){
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<String> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<>(JSONObject.toJSONString(requestJson), headers);
        ResponseEntity<T> responseEntity = null;
        try{
            //参考博主文章《获取properties或者yaml配置文件值》一文中，获取bean工具类
            RestTemplate restTemplate = (RestTemplate)SpringApllicatonContext.getContext().getBean("restTemplate");
            responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, httpMethod, requestEntity, responseType);
            if(!HttpStatus.OK.equals(responseEntity.getStatusCode())){
                //自定义异常，交由统一异常管理
                throw new Exception();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return responseEntity;
    }
}

注意：在封装过程中参考博主文章《获取properties或者yaml配置文件值》一文中，获取bean工具类

最后，演示

JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
object.put("id", "321");
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = RestTemplateConnection.postForEntity("127.0.0.1:8080/plum/v1/login", object, String.class);
String responseBody = responseEntity.getBody();