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有朋友找到我们,说数据库服务可以启动,但是无法登陆,类似报错

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>D:\app\XIFENFEI\product\11.2.0.1\dbhome_2\bin\sqlplus / as sys

dba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 3月 12 15:04:32 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-01075: 您现在已登录

请输入用户名:

ERROR:

ORA-01017: 用户名/口令无效; 登录被拒绝

请输入用户名:

ERROR:

ORA-01017: 用户名/口令无效; 登录被拒绝

SP2-0157: 在 3 次尝试之后无法连接到 ORACLE, 退出 SQL*Plus

通过分析发现数据库启动报错(未正常open成功)

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>D:\app\XIFENFEI\product\11.2.0.1\dbhome_2\bin\sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 3月 12 14:58:28 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

已连接到空闲例程。

SQL> startup mount pfile='F:\pfile.txt';

ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 3307048960 bytes

Fixed Size 2180264 bytes

Variable Size 1811942232 bytes

Database Buffers 1476395008 bytes

Redo Buffers 16531456 bytes

数据库装载完毕。

SQL> alter database open;

alter database open

*

第 1 行出现错误:

ORA-00604: 递归 SQL 级别 1 出现错误

ORA-01578: ORACLE 数据块损坏 (文件号 1, 块号 48396)

ORA-01110: 数据文件 1: 'F:\ORADATA\SYSTEM01.DBF'

数据库没有正常启动成功的原因是由于system文件有坏块导致,通过dbv检查system文件发现有大量连续坏块

DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 3月 12 19:12:34 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

DBVERIFY - 开始验证: FILE = F:\ORADATA\SYSTEM01.DBF

页 48064 流入 - 很可能是介质损坏

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0040bbc0 (file 1, block 48064)

Fractured block found during dbv:

Data in bad block:

type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x0040bbc0

last change scn: 0x0000.0006f69c seq: 0x1 flg: 0x06

spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0

consistency value in tail: 0x43455474

check value in block header: 0x3893

computed block checksum: 0xadfa

…………

页 48412 标记为损坏

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0040bd1c (file 1, block 48412)

Bad header found during dbv:

Data in bad block:

type: 36 format: 2 rdba: 0x6dce856d

last change scn: 0xfc44.d24c936f seq: 0xdc flg: 0x3b

spare1: 0x9c spare2: 0x92 spare3: 0xcf67

consistency value in tail: 0x43455474

check value in block header: 0x2598

block checksum disabled

DBVERIFY - 验证完成

检查的页总数: 249600

处理的页总数 (数据): 209467

失败的页总数 (数据): 0

处理的页总数 (索引): 13616

失败的页总数 (索引): 0

处理的页总数 (其他): 3369

处理的总页数 (段) : 1

失败的总页数 (段) : 0

空的页总数: 22799

标记为损坏的总页数: 349

流入的页总数: 1

加密的总页数 : 0

最高块 SCN : 84123103 (0.84123103)

数据库alert日志信息

Thu Mar 12 14:52:20 2020

SMON: enabling cache recovery

Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.

Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..

Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed

SMON: enabling tx recovery

Database Characterset is ZHS16GBK

Hex dump of (file 1, block 48403) in trace file d:\app\xifenfei\diag\rdbms\qdbdc\o11201gbk\trace\o11201gbk_ora_9480.trc

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0040bd13 (file 1, block 48403)

Bad header found during multiblock buffer read

Data in bad block:

type: 36 format: 2 rdba: 0x6dce856d

last change scn: 0xfc44.d24c936f seq: 0xdc flg: 0x3b

spare1: 0x9c spare2: 0x92 spare3: 0xcf67

consistency value in tail: 0x43455474

check value in block header: 0x2598

block checksum disabled

Reading datafile 'F:\ORADATA\SYSTEM01.DBF' for corruption at rdba: 0x0040bd13 (file 1, block 48403)

Reread (file 1, block 48403) found same corrupt data

Hex dump of (file 1, block 48404) in trace file d:\app\xifenfei\diag\rdbms\qdbdc\o11201gbk\trace\o11201gbk_ora_9480.trc

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0040bd14 (file 1, block 48404)

Corrupt Block Found

Bad header found during multiblock buffer read

TSN = 0, TSNAME = SYSTEM

Data in bad block:

RFN = 1, BLK = 48403, RDBA = 4242707

type: 36 format: 2 rdba: 0x6dce856d

last change scn: 0xfc44.d24c936f seq: 0xdc flg: 0x3b

spare1: 0x9c spare2: 0x92 spare3: 0xcf67

consistency value in tail: 0x43455474

check value in block header: 0x2598

block checksum disabled

Reading datafile 'F:\ORADATA\SYSTEM01.DBF' for corruption at rdba: 0x0040bd14 (file 1, block 48404)

Reread (file 1, block 48404) found same corrupt data

Errors in file d:\app\xifenfei\diag\rdbms\qdbdc\o11201gbk\trace\o11201gbk_ora_9480.trc (incident=3784):

ORA-01578: ORACLE 数据块损坏 (文件号 1, 块号 48404)

ORA-01110: 数据文件 1: 'F:\ORADATA\SYSTEM01.DBF'

Incident details in: d:\app\xifenfei\diag\rdbms\qdbdc\o11201gbk\incident\incdir_3784\o11201gbk_ora_9480_i3784.trc

OBJN = 36, OBJD = 36, OBJECT = I_OBJ1, SUBOBJECT =

SEGMENT OWNER = SYS, SEGMENT TYPE = Index Segment

Corrupt Block Found

TSN = 0, TSNAME = SYSTEM

RFN = 1, BLK = 48404, RDBA = 4242708

OBJN = 36, OBJD = 36, OBJECT = I_OBJ1, SUBOBJECT =

SEGMENT OWNER = SYS, SEGMENT TYPE = Index Segment

Errors in file d:\app\xifenfei\diag\rdbms\qdbdc\o11201gbk\trace\o11201gbk_ora_9480.trc:

ORA-00604: 递归 SQL 级别 1 出现错误

ORA-01578: ORACLE 数据块损坏 (文件号 1, 块号 48404)

ORA-01110: 数据文件 1: 'F:\ORADATA\SYSTEM01.DBF'

Errors in file d:\app\xifenfei\diag\rdbms\qdbdc\o11201gbk\trace\o11201gbk_ora_9480.trc:

ORA-00604: 递归 SQL 级别 1 出现错误

ORA-01578: ORACLE 数据块损坏 (文件号 1, 块号 48404)

ORA-01110: 数据文件 1: 'F:\ORADATA\SYSTEM01.DBF'

Error 604 happened during db open, shutting down database

USER (ospid: 9480): terminating the instance due to error 604

这里可以看出来数据库不能正常启动的原因,主要是由于I_OBJ1(obj$表的index)刚好被损坏,导致数据库无法,通过分析定位确定是如下sql导致启动失败

Dump continued from file: d:\app\xifenfei\diag\rdbms\qdbdc\o11201gbk\trace\o11201gbk_ora_9480.trc

ORA-01578: ORACLE 数据块损坏 (文件号 1, 块号 48404)

ORA-01110: 数据文件 1: 'F:\ORADATA\SYSTEM01.DBF'

========= Dump for incident 3784 (ORA 1578) ========

*** 2020-03-12 14:52:20.614

dbkedDefDump(): Starting incident default dumps (flags=0x2, level=3, mask=0x0)

----- Current SQL Statement for this session (sql_id=cq514nkrp38hv) -----

select distinct d.p_obj#,d.p_timestamp from sys.dependency$ d, obj$ o where d.p_obj#>=:1 and

d.d_obj#=o.obj# and o.status not in (5,6)

通过对其i_obj1损坏block进行修复,数据库正启动成功

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>D:\app\XIFENFEI\product\11.2.0.1\dbhome_2\bin\sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 3月 12 15:05:48 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

已连接到空闲例程。

SQL> startup pfile='f:/pfile.txt' mount;

ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 3307048960 bytes

Fixed Size 2180264 bytes

Variable Size 1811942232 bytes

Database Buffers 1476395008 bytes

Redo Buffers 16531456 bytes

数据库装载完毕。

SQL> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

尝试导出数据

C:\Windows\system32>exp system/oracle owner=gis_sys file=f:/gis_sys.dmp FEEDBACK

=10000 COMPRESS=NO BUFFER=102400000 STATISTICS=none

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 3月 12 15:46:19 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

连接到: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

已导出 ZHS16GBK 字符集和 AL16UTF16 NCHAR 字符集

即将导出指定的用户...

. 正在导出 pre-schema 过程对象和操作

. 正在导出用户 GIS_SYS 的外部函数库名

. 导出 PUBLIC 类型同义词

EXP-00008: 遇到 ORACLE 错误 604

ORA-00604: 递归 SQL 级别 1 出现错误

ORA-01410: 无效的 ROWID

EXP-00000: 导出终止失败

分析trace文件

*** SESSION ID:(192.3) 2020-03-12 15:05:36.132

OBJD MISMATCH typ=6, seg.obj=18, diskobj=224, dsflg=100100, dsobj=18, tid=18, cls=1

ORA-00604: 递归 SQL 级别 1 出现错误

ORA-01410: 无效的 ROWID

ORA-00604: 递归 SQL 级别 1 出现错误

ORA-01410: 无效的 ROWID

由于obj id为18(obj$)的对象和对应的数据库中实际block存储的表的block为224(aud$)不匹配,从而出现该错误,通过分析是由于i_obj1记录错误导致该问题,通过修复该记录之后,数据实现完美导出.

类似system文件坏块案例有:

通过拷贝block实现system文件大量坏块恢复

记录一次system表空间坏块(ORA-01578)数据库恢复

SYSTEM表空间坏块恢复—C_TS#对象坏块恢复(file 1 block 60)

file 1 block 128 corrupted/坏块恢复—system rollback坏块修复