1、key()
官方说明:
def keys(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D‘s keys"""
pass
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描述:取出字典中所有的键
参数:无
返回值:返回这个字典所有的键
示例:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = d.keys() # 取出字典中所有的键
print(type(d2),d2)
输出结果:
dict_keys([‘name‘, ‘age‘, ‘sex‘])
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2、values()
官方说明:
def values(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""D.values() -> an object providing a view on D‘s values"""
pass
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描述:取出字典中所有的值
参数:无
返回值:返回这个字典中所有的值
示例:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = d.values() # 取出字典中所有的值
print(type(d2),d2)
输出结果:
dict_values([‘william‘, 30, ‘male‘])
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3、clear()
官方说明:
def clear(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D."""
pass
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描述:清空字典
参数:无
返回值:None(原字典会被修改)
示例:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d.clear() # 清空字典
print(type(d),d)
输出结果:
{}
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4、pop()
描述:删除指定的键值
参数:指定的key
返回值:返回被删除键的值
示例:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = d.pop(‘name‘) # 删除指定的键
print(type(d2),d2) # 打印返回被删除的键的值
print(type(d),d)
输出结果:
william {‘age‘: 30, ‘sex‘: ‘male‘}
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5、copy()
官方说明:
def copy(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D"""
pass
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描述:复制当前字典
参数:无
返回值:得到一个新的字典
示例:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = d.copy() # 复制当前字典
print(type(d2),d2) # 打印得到的新字典
print(type(d),d)
输出结果:
{‘name‘: ‘william‘, ‘age‘: 30, ‘sex‘: ‘male‘} {‘name‘: ‘william‘, ‘age‘: 30, ‘sex‘: ‘male‘}
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6、update()
官方说明:
def update(self, E=None, **F): #known special case of dict.update
"""D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] = v
In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]"""
pass
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描述:扩展字典
参数:要添加的字典
返回值:None(原字典会被修改)
示例:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = {‘hobby‘:‘football‘}
d.update(d2) # 扩展字典
print(type(d),d)
输出结果:
{‘name‘: ‘william‘, ‘age‘: 30, ‘sex‘: ‘male‘, ‘hobby‘: ‘football‘}
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7、fromkeys
官方说明:
def fromkeys(*args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value."""
pass
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描述:从序列键和值设置为value来创建一个新的字典。
参数:seq 用于字典的键准备的列表
value 若提供值将被设置为这个值,否则默认为None
返回值:得到一个新的列表
示例:
seq = (‘name‘, ‘age‘, ‘sex‘)
dict = dict.fromkeys(seq)
print(dict)
dict = dict.fromkeys(seq, 10)
print(dict)
输出结果:
{‘name‘: None, ‘age‘: None, ‘sex‘: None}
{‘name‘: 10, ‘age‘: 10, ‘sex‘: 10}
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8、get()
描述:返回指定键的值
参数:key 指定查找的键
defaullt 如果要查找的键不存在时,则返回自定的值
返回值:返回指定键的值,如果要查找的键不存在时,则返回自定的值(不写默认为None)
示例1:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = d.get(‘hobby‘) # 查找的键不在字典中且后面不加值,则输出为None
print(type(d2),d2)
输出结果:
None
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示例2:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = d.get(‘hobby‘,‘football‘) # 查找的键不在字典中且后面有值,则输出这个值
print(type(d2),d2)
输出结果:
football
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示例3:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = d.get(‘age‘) # 查找的键存在字典中,则输出这个键对应的值
print(type(d2),d2)
输出结果:
30
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9、items
官方说明:
def items(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D‘s items"""
pass
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描述:返回可遍历的(键、值)元组数组
参数:无
返回值:返回可遍历的(键、值)元组数组
示例:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = d.items()
print(type(d2),d2)
输出结果:
dict_items([(‘name‘, ‘william‘), (‘age‘, 30), (‘sex‘, ‘male‘)])
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10、popitem()
官方说明:
def popitem(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty."""
pass
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描述:随机返回并删除字典中的一对键和值。
参数:无
返回值:返回一对键和值(原字典会被修改)
示例:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = d.popitem()
print(type(d2),d2) # 随机返回一对键和值
print(type(d),d) # 原有的字典将会被更改
输出结果:
(‘sex‘, ‘male‘) {‘name‘: ‘william‘, ‘age‘: 30}
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11、setdefault()
官方说明:
def setdefault(self, k, d=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D"""
pass
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描述:和get方法类似,如果键不存在,则将这个键加入到字典里,对应一个空值
参数:key 查找的键
default 键不存在时,设置的默认键值
返回值:返回指定键的值(原字典不会被修改),如果键不存在,则返回None(原字典会被修改)
示例1:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = d.setdefault(‘name‘) # 返回指定键的值
print(type(d2),d2)
输出结果:
william
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示例2:
d = {‘name‘:‘william‘,‘age‘:30,‘sex‘:‘male‘}
d2 = d.setdefault(‘xxxxx‘)
print(type(d2),d2)
print(type(d),d)
输出结果:
None {‘name‘: ‘william‘, ‘age‘: 30, ‘sex‘: ‘male‘, ‘xxxxx‘: None}
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