oracle跨版本升级,Oracle数据泵跨版本问题

Oracle 10g 推出数据泵工具，提高数据迁移的效率，Oracle 10g刚推出的时候，跨版本的问题并不明显，而等到11.2推出之后，数据泵同样存在处理跨版本的问题。

Oracle原始的EXP/IMP导出、导入工具的跨版本特性对于从Oracle8、9版本就接触数据库的人来说，应该是基本常识了——低版本导出，目标版本导入。而对于数据泵来说，很多人并没有意识到这一点，事实上数据泵如果从低版本导出，高版本导入是不需要额外处理的，而大多数的需求不是版本相同，就是版本升级，因此很多人没有注意到数据泵的版本问题。

如果数据泵从高版本导出，低版本导入时，如果不加处理，就会出现下面的错误：

[oracle@rhlinux5 ~]$ expdp test/test directory=expdir dumpfile=test.dmp TABLES=tab1

Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production ON Mon Apr 27 09:50:10 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle AND/OR its affiliates. ALL rights reserved.

Connected TO: Oracle DATABASE 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

WITH the Partitioning, OLAP, DATA Mining AND REAL Application Testing options

Starting "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": test/******** dumpfile=test.dmp tables=tab1

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

. . exported "TEST"."TAB1" 6.593 KB 63 rows

Master table "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Dump file set for TEST.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/u01/oracle/test.dmp

Job "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 09:50:17

11.2导入的文件，10.2直接导入报错：

[oracle@rhlinux5 ~]$ impdp test/test directory=expdir dumpfile=test.dmp

Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production ON Monday,27 April, 2013 9:50:25

Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. ALL rights reserved.

Connected TO: Oracle DATABASE 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

WITH the Partitioning, OLAP, DATA Mining AND REAL Application Testing options

ORA-39001: invalid argument VALUE

ORA-39000: bad dump file specification

ORA-39142: incompatible version NUMBER 3.1 IN dump file "/u01/oracle/test.dmp"

正确的方式是在高版本导出的时候指定导出的版本，比如导入版本为10204，那么在11.2上导出时通过VERSION=10.2.0.4，确保导出的数据和结构和低版本兼容。

[oracle@rhlinux5 ~]$ expdp test/test dumpfile=test.dmp directory=expdir TABLES=tab1 version=10.2.0.4

Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production ON Mon Apr 27 09:52:03 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle AND/OR its affiliates. ALL rights reserved.

Connected TO: Oracle DATABASE 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

WITH the Partitioning, OLAP, DATA Mining AND REAL Application Testing options

Starting "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": test/******** dumpfile=d_tmp:tab110204.dp tables=tab1 version=10.2.0.4.0

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

. . exported "TEST"."TAB1" 6.406 KB 63 rows

Master table "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Dump file set for TEST.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/u01/oracle/test.dmp

Job "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 09:52:09

这样在10.2.0.4.0数据库上就可以直接导入了。

[oracle@rhlinux5 ~]$ impdp test/test directory=expdir dumpfile=test.dmp

Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production ON Monday, 27 April, 2013 9:54:35

Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. ALL rights reserved.

Connected TO: Oracle DATABASE 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

WITH the Partitioning, OLAP, DATA Mining AND REAL Application Testing options

Master TABLE "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": test/******** directory=expdir dumpfile=test.dmp

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "TEST"."TAB1" 6.406 KB 63 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 09:54:36