linux读写信号量,Linux内核读写信号量 rwsem实现分析.doc

读写信号量

信号量根据用途不同，可以区分读和写两种操作方式。

为提高信号量的效率引入rwsem，此锁使用的机会比较少，适用于读频繁的情况。

头文件，类型struct rw_semaphore，其必须在运行时进行显示的初始化：

void init_rwsem(struct rw_semaphore* sem);

对于只读访问，使用如下PV：

void down_read(struct rw_semaphore* sem);

int down_read_trylock(struct rw_semaphore* sem);

//成功返回非零，其他返回零(特殊)

void up_read(struct rw_semaphore* sem);

对于写入分别是：down_write, down_write_trylock, up_write

rwsem允许一个写入者或无限个读者拥有该信号量。

在2.6.21内核rwsem的实现中，所有读者和写者排队处理，处理完写者前面的所有读者后才处理到写者。

在rwsem-spinlock.c中down_read实现如下：

/*

* get a read lock on the semaphore

*/

void fastcall __sched __down_read(struct rw_semaphore *sem)

{

struct rwsem_waiter waiter;

struct task_struct *tsk;

spin_lock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);

// 没有写者的情况下直接获取读者锁

if (sem->activity >= 0 && list_empty(&sem->wait_list)) {

/* granted */

sem->activity++;

spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);

goto out;

}

// 否则有写者的情况下，加入到排队队列中

tsk = current;

set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);// 进程不可中断

/* set up my own style of waitqueue */

waiter.task = tsk;

waiter.flags = RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_READ;

get_task_struct(tsk);

list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list);// 加入到排队队列中

/* we dont need to touch the semaphore struct anymore */

spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);

/* wait to be given the lock */

for (;;) {

// task有效的时候，继续调度，在up中会被设置成NULL，进而去调度

if (!waiter.task)

break;

schedule();

set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);

}

tsk->state = TASK_RUNNING;

out:

;

}

/*

* release a read lock on the semaphore

*/

void fastcall __up_read(struct rw_semaphore *sem)

{

unsigned long flags;

spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->wait_lock, flags);

// 释放读者锁的时候，若wait_list不为空的时候，证明等待队列中存在写者锁请求

if (--sem->activity == 0 && !list_empty(&sem->wait_list))

sem = __rwsem_wake_one_writer(sem);// 此函数下面分析

spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->wait_lock, flags);

}

down_write函数会直接调用以下函数

/* get a write lock on the semaphore

* - we increment the waiting count anyway to indicate an exclusive lock

*/

void fastcall __sched __down_write_nested(struct rw_semaphore *sem, int subclass)

{

struct rwsem_waiter waiter;

struct task_struct *tsk;

spin_lock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);

// activity == 0且队列中没有等待时，此时没有读者和写者，直接获取写者锁。

if (sem->activity == 0 && list_empty(&sem->wait_list)) {

/* granted */

sem->activity = -1;

spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);

goto out;

}

// 否则去排队

tsk = current;

set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);

/* set up my own style of waitqueue */

waiter.task = tsk;

waiter.flags = RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE;

get_task_struct(tsk);

list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list);

/* we dont need to touch the semaphore struct anymore */

spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);

/* wait to be given the lock */

for (;;) {

if (!waiter.task)

break;

schedule();

set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);

}

tsk->state = TASK_RUNNING;

out:

;

}

down_write函数会被__rwsem_wake_one_writer唤醒。

/*

* wake a single writer

*/

static inline struct rw_semaphore *

__rwsem_wake_one_writer(struct rw_semaphore *sem)

{

struct rwsem_waiter *waiter;

struct task_struct *tsk;

sem->activity = -1; // 表示当前没有写者锁

waiter = list_entry(sem->wait_list.next, struct rwsem_waiter, list);

list_del(&waiter->list);

// 设置waiter->task为NULL，并唤醒进程

tsk = waiter->task;

smp_mb();

waiter->task = NULL;

wake_up_process(tsk);

put_task_struct(tsk);

return sem;

}

Up_write函数如下：

/*

* release a write lock on the semaphore

*/

void fastcall __up_write(struct rw_semaphore *sem)

{

unsigned long flags;

spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->wait_lock, flags);

sem->activity = 0; // 没有读者和写者

// 如果队列不为空，则唤醒，第二个参数1的意思是所有的读者和写者

if (!list_empty(&sem->wait_list))

sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, 1);

spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->wait_lock, flags);

}

/* handle the lock release when processes blocked on it that can now run

* - if we come here, then:

* - the active count _reached_ zero

* - the waiting count is non-zero

* - the spinlock must be held by the caller

* - woken process blocks are discarded from the list after having task zeroed

* - writers are only woken if wakewrite is non-zero */

static inline struct rw_semaphore * __rwsem_do_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem, int wakewrite)

{

struct rwsem_waiter *waiter;

struct task_struct *tsk;

int woken;

waiter = list_entry(sem->wait_list.next, struct rwsem_waiter, list);

// 若wakewrite为0则只唤醒读者，为1时唤醒所有写者和读者

if (!wakewrite) {

if (waiter->flags & RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE)

goto out;

goto dont_wake_writers;

}

// 唤醒写者，list的第一个元素

if (waiter->flags & RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE) {

sem->activity = -1;

list_del(&waiter->list);

tsk = waiter->task;

/* Dont touch waiter after ->task has been NULLed */

smp_mb();

waiter->task = NULL;

wake_up_process(tsk);

put_task_struct(tsk);

goto out;

}

// 唤醒所有的读者，activity值直接加到位

/* grant an infinite number of read locks to the front of the queue */

dont_wake_writers:

woken = 0;

while (waiter->flags & RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_READ) {

struct list_head *next = waiter->list.next;

list_del(&waiter->list);

tsk = waiter->task;

smp_mb();

waiter->task = NULL;

wake_up_process(tsk);

put_task_struct(tsk);

woken++;

if (list_empty(&sem->wait_list))

break;

waiter = list_entry(next, struct rwsem_waiter, list);

}

sem->activity += woken; // activity值直接加到位

out:

return sem;

}