bash-記錄修改OFS和ORS讓$0重新計算

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-10 21:50:50 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-02-10 21:50:50 发布

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分类专栏： bash 文章标签： shell

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39773337/article/details/107435712

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本文探讨了bash shell中使用awk处理数据时，如何通过设置OFS（输出字段分隔符）和ORS（输出行分隔符）来改变输出格式。举例说明了$1=$1的用途，它用于确保字段按照新设定的OFS重新计算。文章还提到了未设置$1=$1时，OFS可能不生效的问题，并给出了相关链接供进一步阅读。

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echo $PATH | awk ‘BEGIN{FS=":";OFS=" | "}{$1=$1;print $0}’
echo $PATH | awk ‘BEGIN{RS=":";ORS="^"}{print $0}’

定義：
OFS ：输出数据的字段分隔符
ORS ：输出字段的⾏分隔符

（一）OFS

問題：
第一條命令的$1= $1有什麼用呢？若不加，則以下兩行命令輸出結果是一樣的，即OFS並沒有起作用

echo $PATH | awk ‘BEGIN{FS=":";OFS=" | "}{print $0}’
echo $PATH | awk ‘BEGIN{FS=":"}{print $0}’

結果如下：

Administrator@X8O0ILYDG7L3A0P MINGW64 /
$ echo $PATH | awk 'BEGIN{RS=":";OFS="|"}{print $0}'
/c/Users/Administrator/bin
/mingw64/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/mingw64/bin
/usr/bin
/c/Users/Administrator/bin
/c/Program Files (x86)/NetSarang/Xshell 6
/c/Program Files (x86)/Common Files/Oracle/Java/javapath
/c/ProgramData/Oracle/Java/javapath
/c/windows/system32
/c/windows
/c/windows/System32/Wbem
/c/windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0
/c/strawberry/c/bin
/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/Application

思考：
既然沒起作用那麼$1實際上就是輸出第一個字段，那麼我改寫一下$1 = “aa”如下

echo $PATH | awk ‘BEGIN{FS=":";OFS=" | "}{$1=“aa”;print $0}’

輸出：

Administrator@X8O0ILYDG7L3A0P MINGW64 /
$ echo $PATH | awk 'BEGIN{RS=":";OFS="|"}{$1="aa";print $0}'
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa|Files|(x86)/NetSarang/Xshell|6
aa|Files|(x86)/Common|Files/Oracle/Java/javapath
aa

從以上結果來看，實際上是對字段重新操作後定義的OFS才有效，那麼要輸出原內容就要加上$1 = $1 或者 NF+=0。結果如下：

Administrator@X8O0ILYDG7L3A0P MINGW64 /
$ echo $PATH | awk 'BEGIN{RS=":";OFS="|"}{$1=$1;print $0}'
/c/Users/Administrator/bin
/mingw64/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/bin
/mingw64/bin
/usr/bin
/c/Users/Administrator/bin
/c/Program|Files|(x86)/NetSarang/Xshell|6
/c/Program|Files|(x86)/Common|Files/Oracle/Java/javapath
/c/ProgramData/Oracle/Java/javapath
/c/windows/system32
/c/windows
/c/windows/System32/Wbem

另有兩個帖子擴展講的很詳細也很有意思，也給貼出來：
http://www.letuknowit.com/post/171.html
https://blog.csdn.net/xuejinliang/article/details/52250599

（二）ORS

問題：
同OFS也要定義$1 = $1讓0重新計算，但是以下數據處理實際上並沒有加上$1=$1也得到預期結果了，那麼這個定義是該什麼時候加上呢？？想不通…

Administrator@X8O0ILYDG7L3A0P MINGW64 /
$ echo $PATH | awk 'BEGIN{RS=":";ORS="^"}{print $0}'
/c/Users/Administrator/bin^/mingw64/bin^/usr/local/bin^/usr/bin^/bin^/mingw64/bin^/usr/bin^/c/Users/Administrator/bin^/c/Program Files (x86)/NetSarang/Xshell 6^/c/Program Files (x86)/Common Files/Oracle/Java/javapath^/c/ProgramData/Oracle/Java/javapath^/c/windows/system32^/c/windows^/c/windows/System32/Wbem^/c/windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0^/c/strawberry/c/bin^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/Application^/c/Python37^/c/Python37/Scripts^/c/Python37/Scripts^/c/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/bin^/d/nodejs^/d/allure-2.13.5/bin^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/Application^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/Application^/c/Python37/Scripts^/c/Python37^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps^/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_91/bin^/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_91/jre/bin^/c/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Roaming/npm^/d/Fiddler^/d/VScode/Microsoft VS Code/bin^/usr/bin/vendor_perl^/usr/bin/core_perl^

Administrator@X8O0ILYDG7L3A0P MINGW64 /
$ echo $PATH | awk 'BEGIN{RS=":";ORS="^"}{$1=$1;print $0}'
/c/Users/Administrator/bin^/mingw64/bin^/usr/local/bin^/usr/bin^/bin^/mingw64/bin^/usr/bin^/c/Users/Administrator/bin^/c/Program Files (x86)/NetSarang/Xshell 6^/c/Program Files (x86)/Common Files/Oracle/Java/javapath^/c/ProgramData/Oracle/Java/javapath^/c/windows/system32^/c/windows^/c/windows/System32/Wbem^/c/windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0^/c/strawberry/c/bin^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/Application^/c/Python37^/c/Python37/Scripts^/c/Python37/Scripts^/c/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0/bin^/d/nodejs^/d/allure-2.13.5/bin^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/Application^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/Application^/c/Python37/Scripts^/c/Python37^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps^/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_91/bin^/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_91/jre/bin^/c/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome^/c/Users/Administrator/AppData/Roaming/npm^/d/Fiddler^/d/VScode/Microsoft VS Code/bin^/usr/bin/vendor_perl^/usr/bin/core_perl^