mysql表连接分为哪几种_MySQL中表的几种连接方式

MySQL表中的连接方式其实非常简单，这里就简单的罗列出他们的特点。

表的连接(JOIN)可以分为内连接(JOIN/INNER JOIN)和外连接(LEFT JOIN/RIGHT JOIN)。

首先我们看一下我们本次演示的两个表：

mysql> SELECT * FROM student;

+------+----------+------+------+

| s_id | s_name | age | c_id |

+------+----------+------+------+

| 1 | xiaoming | 13 | 1 |

| 2 | xiaohong | 41 | 4 |

| 3 | xiaoxia | 22 | 3 |

| 4 | xiaogang | 32 | 1 |

| 5 | xiaoli | 41 | 2 |

| 6 | wangwu | 13 | 2 |

| 7 | lisi | 22 | 3 |

| 8 | zhangsan | 11 | 9 |

+------+----------+------+------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM class;

+------+---------+-------+

| c_id | c_name | count |

+------+---------+-------+

| 1 | MATH | 65 |

| 2 | CHINESE | 70 |

| 3 | ENGLISH | 50 |

| 4 | HISTORY | 30 |

| 5 | BIOLOGY | 40 |

+------+---------+-------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

首先，表要能连接的前提就是两个表中有相同的可以比较的列。

1.内连接

mysql> SELECT * FROM student INNER JOIN class ON student.c_id = class.c_id;

+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+

| s_id | s_name | age | c_id | c_id | c_name | count |

+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+

| 1 | xiaoming | 13 | 1 | 1 | MATH | 65 |

| 2 | xiaohong | 41 | 4 | 4 | HISTORY | 30 |

| 3 | xiaoxia | 22 | 3 | 3 | ENGLISH | 50 |

| 4 | xiaogang | 32 | 1 | 1 | MATH | 65 |

| 5 | xiaoli | 41 | 2 | 2 | CHINESE | 70 |

| 6 | wangwu | 13 | 2 | 2 | CHINESE | 70 |

| 7 | lisi | 22 | 3 | 3 | ENGLISH | 50 |

+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+

7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

简单的讲，内连接就是把两个表中符合条件的行的所有数据一起展示出来，即如果不符合条件，即在表A中找得到但是在B中没有(或者相反)的数据不予以显示。

2.外连接

mysql> SELECT * FROM student LEFT JOIN class ON student.c_id = class.c_id;

+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+

| s_id | s_name | age | c_id | c_id | c_name | count |

+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+

| 1 | xiaoming | 13 | 1 | 1 | MATH | 65 |

| 2 | xiaohong | 41 | 4 | 4 | HISTORY | 30 |

| 3 | xiaoxia | 22 | 3 | 3 | ENGLISH | 50 |

| 4 | xiaogang | 32 | 1 | 1 | MATH | 65 |

| 5 | xiaoli | 41 | 2 | 2 | CHINESE | 70 |

| 6 | wangwu | 13 | 2 | 2 | CHINESE | 70 |

| 7 | lisi | 22 | 3 | 3 | ENGLISH | 50 |

| 8 | zhangsan | 11 | 9 | NULL | NULL | NULL |

+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM student RIGHT JOIN class ON student.c_id = class.c_id;

+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+

| s_id | s_name | age | c_id | c_id | c_name | count |

+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+

| 1 | xiaoming | 13 | 1 | 1 | MATH | 65 |

| 4 | xiaogang | 32 | 1 | 1 | MATH | 65 |

| 5 | xiaoli | 41 | 2 | 2 | CHINESE | 70 |

| 6 | wangwu | 13 | 2 | 2 | CHINESE | 70 |

| 3 | xiaoxia | 22 | 3 | 3 | ENGLISH | 50 |

| 7 | lisi | 22 | 3 | 3 | ENGLISH | 50 |

| 2 | xiaohong | 41 | 4 | 4 | HISTORY | 30 |

| NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | BIOLOGY | 40 |

+------+----------+------+------+------+---------+-------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

上面分别展示了外连接的两种情况：左连接和右连接。这两种几乎是一样的，唯一的区别就是左连接的主表是左边的表，右连接的主表是右边的表。而外连接与内连接不同的地方就是它会将主表的所有行都予以显示，而在主表中有，其他表中没有的数据用NULL代替。

总结

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原文链接：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000038203698