python策略模式的应用_Head First 设计模式——策略模式（Strategy Pattern）——Python实现 | 学步园...

作者：liuyuan_jq

2011-06-13

策略模式定义

定义了

问题

J o e 上班的公司做了一套相当成功的模拟鸭子游戏： SimUDuck。游戏中会出现各种鸭子，一边游泳戏水，一边呱

呱叫。此系统的内部设计使用了标准的OO技术，设计了一个鸭 子超类（Superclass），并让各种鸭子继承此超类。

设计原则

找出应用中可能需要变化之处，把它 们独立出来，不要和那些不需要变化 的代码混在一起。

针对接口编程，而不是针对实现编程

多用组合，少用继承

设计鸭子的行为

我们知道Duck类内的fly()和quack()会随着鸭子的不同而改变。为了要把这两个行为从Duck类中分开，我们将把它们从Duck类 中取出来，建立一组新类来代表每个行为。这样，鸭子类就不再需要知道行为的实现细节。

class Duck(object):

"""

Duck接口类

"""

def __init__(self):

super(Duck, self).__init__()

def setFlyBehavior(self, flyBehavior):

self.flyBehavior = flyBehavior;

def setQuackBehavior(self, quackBehavior):

self.quackBehavior = quackBehavior

def display(self):

raise NotImplementedError("abstract duck")

def performFly(self):

self.flyBehavior.fly();

def performQuack(self):

self.quackBehavior.quack();

def swim(self):

print("All ducks float, even decoys!")

设计鸭子的飞行行为

class FlyBehavior(object):

"""

飞行行为接口类

"""

def fly(self):

raise NotImplementedError("abstract FlyBehavior")

设计鸭子的叫行为

class QuackBehavior(object):

def quack(self):

raise NotImplementedError("abstract QuackBehavior")

实现源码

flyBehavior.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

class FlyBehavior(object):

"""

飞行行为接口类

"""

def fly(self):

raise NotImplementedError("abstract FlyBehavior")

class FlyWithWings(FlyBehavior):

def fly(self):

print("I'm flying!!");

class FlyNoWay(FlyBehavior):

def fly(self):

print("I can't fly");

class FlyRocketPowered(FlyBehavior):

def fly(self):

print("I'm flying with a rocket");

quackBehavior.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

class QuackBehavior(object):

def quack(self):

raise NotImplementedError("abstract QuackBehavior")

class Quack(QuackBehavior):

def quack(self):

print("Quack");

class FakeQuack(QuackBehavior):

def quack(self):

print("Qwak");

class MuteQuack(QuackBehavior):

def quack(self):

print("<< Silence >>")

class Squeak(QuackBehavior):

def quack(self):

print("Squeak");

duck.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from flyBehavior import *

from quackBehavior import *

class Duck(object):

"""

Duck接口类

"""

def __init__(self):

super(Duck, self).__init__()

def setFlyBehavior(self, flyBehavior):

self.flyBehavior = flyBehavior;

def setQuackBehavior(self, quackBehavior):

self.quackBehavior = quackBehavior

def display(self):

raise NotImplementedError("abstract duck")

def performFly(self):

self.flyBehavior.fly();

def performQuack(self):

self.quackBehavior.quack();

def swim(self):

print("All ducks float, even decoys!")

class DecoyDuck(Duck):

"""

诱饵鸭

"""

def __init__(self):

super(DecoyDuck, self).__init__()

self.setFlyBehavior(FlyNoWay())

self.setQuackBehavior(MuteQuack())

def display(self):

print("I'm a duck Decoy")

class MallardDuck(Duck):

"""

绿头鸭

"""

def __init__(self):

super(MallardDuck, self).__init__()

self.setFlyBehavior(FlyWithWings())

self.setQuackBehavior(Quack())

def display(self):

print("I'm a real Mallard duck")

class RedHeadDuck(Duck):

"""

红头鸭

"""

def __init__(self):

self.setFlyBehavior(FlyWithWings())

self.setQuackBehavior(Quack())

def display(self):

print("I'm a real Red Headed duck")

class ModelDuck(Duck):

"""

模型鸭

"""

def __init__(self):

self.setFlyBehavior(FlyNoWay())

self.setQuackBehavior(Quack())

def display(self):

print("I'm a model duck")

class RubberDuck(Duck):

"""

橡皮鸭

"""

def __init__(self):

self.setFlyBehavior(FlyNoWay())

self.setQuackBehavior(Squeak())

def display(self):

print("I'm a rubber duckie")

if __name__ == "__main__":

mallard = MallardDuck()

rubberDuckie = RubberDuck()

decoy = DecoyDuck()

model = ModelDuck()

# 鸭子quack

mallard.performQuack()

rubberDuckie.performQuack()

decoy.performQuack()

# 动态改变鸭子的fly行为

model.performFly()

model.setFlyBehavior(FlyRocketPowered())

model.performFly()

# 绿头鸭的 quack and fly

mallard = MallardDuck()

mallard.performQuack()

mallard.performFly()

执行结果

Quack

Squeak

<< Silence >>

I can't fly

I'm flying with a rocket

Quack

I'm flying!!