python的datetime模块需要装吗_Python下time模块和datetime模块的使用

time模块

时间表示格式:

1.格式化时间: 【 2018-01-01 01:00:00 】

2.时间戳: 【 1518407077.940927 】 -> 秒数(从1970开始到现今)

3.以元组方式表示，九个元素(格式化元组)

元素如下:

(1) tm_year=2018, # 年

(2) tm_mon=2, # 月

(3) tm_mday=12, # 日

(4) tm_hour=11, # 小时

(5) tm_min=49, # 分钟

(6) tm_sec=13, # 秒

(7) tm_wday=0, # 0(Mon)-6(Sun) 从0(周一)开始数 -> 6(周天)

(8) tm_yday=43, # 今年的第几天

(9) tm_isdst=0 # 时区，如果是1，则表示夏令时

使用

timezone 返回时间标准实际与当前时间差(秒数)

In [45]: time.timezone

Out[45]: -28800

In [46]: time.timezone / 3600

Out[46]: -8.0 # 中国时间与标准时间相差8小时

altzone 与 timezone 差不多

daylight 查看你是否使用了夏令时，0表示没有使用

In [50]: time.daylight

Out[50]: 0

time () 返回当前的时间戳

In [37]: time.time()

Out[37]: 1518407588.8324711

sleep () 使程序暂停几秒

In [51]: time.sleep(3)

In [52]:

gmtime () 传入时间戳，返回格式化元组 【 UTC时区 】

In [54]: time.gmtime(time.time())

Out[54]: time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=4, tm_min=7, tm_sec=50, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=43, tm_isdst=0)

localtime () 传入时间戳,返回格式化元组(不传入参数,默认当前时间) 【 根据本地区域决定 】

In [55]: time.localtime()

Out[55]: time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=12, tm_min=10, tm_sec=13, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=43, tm_isdst=0)

In [56]: time.localtime(123123123)

Out[56]: time.struct_time(tm_year=1973, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=8, tm_min=52, tm_sec=3, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=330, tm_isdst=0)

取出元组数据:

In [57]: a = time.localtime()

In [58]: a.tm_year # 取出年份

Out[58]: 2018

In [59]: a.tm_mon # 取出月份

Out[59]: 2

In [60]: a.tm_sec # 取出分钟

Out[60]: 54

mktime () 由元组转换为时间戳

In [63]: time.mktime(time.localtime())

Out[63]: 1518409129.0

strftime (format,tuple) --> string 自定义生成格式化时间 -> string

格式化操作

%Y Year with century as a decimal number.

%m Month as a decimal number [01,12].

%d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].

%H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].

%M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].

%S Second as a decimal number [00,61].

%z Time zone offset from UTC.

%a Locale‘s abbreviated weekday name.

%A Locale‘s full weekday name.

%b Locale‘s abbreviated month name.

%B Locale‘s full month name.

%c Locale‘s appropriate date and time representation.

%I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].

%p Locale‘s equivalent of either AM or PM

2. 使用:

In [67]: time.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d‘,time.localtime())

Out[67]: ‘2018-02-12‘

ctime () 传入时间戳,返回文本型时间

In [69]: time.ctime()

Out[69]: ‘Mon Feb 12 12:30:44 2018‘

In [77]: time.ctime(123123123)

Out[77]: ‘Mon Nov 26 08:52:03 1973‘

asctime () 传入格式化元组,返回文本型时间

In [79]: time.asctime(time.localtime(123123))

Out[79]: ‘Fri Jan 2 18:12:03 1970‘

In [80]: time.asctime()

Out[80]: ‘Mon Feb 12 12:34:23 2018‘

datetime模块

datetie模块

datetime.now () 返回当前时间

In [156]: print(datetime.datetime.now())

In [156]: 2018-02-12 12:39:43.309016

时间运算

In [174]: datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(1)

Out[174]: datetime.datetime(2018, 2, 13, 12, 43, 12, 301435)

In [175]: datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(1)

Out[175]: datetime.datetime(2018, 2, 11, 12, 43, 28, 154795)

In [181]: datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=1)

Out[181]: datetime.datetime(2018, 2, 12, 13, 44, 54, 816476)

In [182]: datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=1)

Out[182]: datetime.datetime(2018, 2, 12, 13, 44, 56, 429732)