datetime模块

python中time有三种格式：
float
struct tuple（time.struct_time格式/ datetime.datetime格式)
str

• float

# time模块
import time
time.time()
1541244317.42242

time.mktime(time.localtime())
1541245210.0

time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=19, tm_min=40, tm_sec=23, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=307, tm_isdst=0)

# datetime模块
from datetime import datetime

datetime.timestamp(datetime.now())
1541245044.736343

datetime.timestamp(datetime.today())
1541245060.243397

datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 3, 19, 27, 11, 387961)

datetime.today()
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 3, 19, 27, 21, 487307)

• struct tuple

# time模块

import time

time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=20, tm_min=0, tm_sec=51, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=307, tm_isdst=0)

time.localtime(time.time())
time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=20, tm_min=2, tm_sec=14, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=307, tm_isdst=0)

# datetime模块

from datetime import datetime

datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 3, 20, 3, 7, 702955)

datetime.today()
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 3, 20, 3, 17, 603502)

datetime.strptime('2013-8-9', '%Y-%m-%d')
datetime.datetime(2013, 8, 9, 0, 0)


datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time())
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 3, 20, 3, 52, 841978)

datetime.time(datetime.now())
datetime.time(20, 10, 59, 24563)

datetime.timetuple(datetime.now())
time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=20, tm_min=16, tm_sec=16, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=307, tm_isdst=-1)

datetime.date(datetime.now())
datetime.date(2018, 11, 3)

• str

# time模块

import time

time.ctime()
'Sat Nov  3 19:49:59 2018'

time.asctime()
'Sat Nov  3 19:50:17 2018'

time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime())
'2018-11-03 19:54:19'

time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=11, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=19, tm_min=54, tm_sec=33, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=307, tm_isdst=0)

# datetime模块

from datetime import datetime

datetime.ctime(datetime.now())
'Sat Nov  3 20:11:56 2018'

datetime.strftime(datetime.date(datetime.now()), '%Y-%m-%d')
'2018-11-03'

datetime.date(datetime.now())
datetime.date(2018, 11, 3)

datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 3, 20, 8, 38, 756067)

• 其他

from datetime import datetime

datetime.isocalendar(datetime.now())   
(2018, 44, 6)  # 2018年第44周，星期六


# isoweekday

datetime.strptime('2018-10-29', '%Y-%m-%d').isoweekday()  # iso：International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织，计算机索引从0开始，计算机的weekday一般是周一为0-6，国际化标准是1-7
1  # 周一为1

datetime.isoweekday(datetime.now())   
6   # 周六为6

datetime.isoweekday(datetime.strptime('2018-11-4', '%Y-%m-%d'))
7    # 周日为7

# weekday
datetime.strptime('2018-10-29', '%Y-%m-%d').weekday()
0  # 星期一为0

datetime.now().weekday()  
5   # 周六为5
a = datetime.strptime('2018-11-4', '%Y-%m-%d')

a 
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 4, 0, 0)

a.weekday()

6    # 周日为6

• datetime.timedelta
  delta: 数学中表示间隔的意思，Δ大写，δ小写，timedelta表示时间的间隔

def __init__(self, days: float = ..., seconds: float = ..., microseconds: float = ...,
                 milliseconds: float = ..., minutes: float = ..., hours: float = ...,
                 weeks: float = ...) -> None: ...
          
timedelta()中参数：days,seconds,microseconds,milliseconds,minutes,hours,weeks

# 如：

from datetime import datetime,timedelta

datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 3, 21, 35, 27, 81916)

datetime.now() + timedelta(days=+1)
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 4, 21, 35, 43, 766156)

datetime.now() + timedelta(minutes=+20)
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 3, 21, 56, 33, 143766)

datetime.now() + timedelta(weeks=+3)
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 24, 21, 44, 10, 597961)

datetime.now() + timedelta(hours=-5)
datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 3, 16, 44, 50, 953897)

datetime.now() + timedelta(days=+30)
datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 3, 21, 45, 12, 295600)

• 获取时间差，单位为秒

from datetime import datetime,timedelta

now = datetime.now()

print(now + timedelta(seconds=+9))

print(now + timedelta(minutes=-40))

print(now + timedelta(hours=-5))

print(now + timedelta(days=+4))

print(now + timedelta(weeks=+1))

运行结果

2018-11-03 21:51:10.660663
2018-11-03 21:11:01.660663
2018-11-03 16:51:01.660663
2018-11-07 21:51:01.660663
2018-11-10 21:51:01.660663

• 时间加减

from datetime import datetime,timedelta

now = datetime.now()

day = datetime.isoweekday(now)

if day == 1:
    l = now + timedelta(days=-4)
else:
    l = now + timedelta(days=-1)
print(l)

运行结果

2018-11-02 21:25:48.123761

dateutil模块不是标准库中的时间模块，需另行安装。这个模块是加强版。
dateutil模块链接