oracle 建分区索引_创建与管理Oracle的分区表和本地索引

Oracle的分区技术在某些条件下可以极大的提高查询的性能，所以被广泛采用。从产品上说，分区技术是Oracle企业版中独立收费的一个组件。以下是对于分区及本地索引的一个示例。

1、首先根据字典表创建一个测试分区表：

SQL> connect eygle/eygle

Connected.

SQL> CREATE TABLE dbobjs

2 (OBJECT_ID NUMBER NOT NULL,

3 OBJECT_NAME varchar2(128)，

4 CREATED DATE NOT NULL

5 )

6 PARTITION BY RANGE (CREATED)

7 (PARTITION dbobjs_06 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01/01/2007', 'DD/MM/YYYY'))，

8 PARTITION dbobjs_07 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01/01/2008', 'DD/MM/YYYY')))；

Table created.

SQL> COL segment_name for a20

SQL> COL PARTITION_NAME for a20

SQL> SELECT segment_name, partition_name, tablespace_name

2 FROM dba_segments

3 WHERE segment_name = 'DBOBJS';

SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME

-------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------

DBOBJS DBOBJS_06 EYGLE

DBOBJS DBOBJS_07 EYGLE

2、创建一个Local索引，注意这里可以将不同分区的索引指定创建到不同的表空间：

SQL> CREATE INDEX dbobjs_idx ON dbobjs (created) LOCAL

2 (PARTITION dbobjs_06 TABLESPACE users,

3 PARTITION dbobjs_07 TABLESPACE users

4 )；

Index created.

3、这个子句可以进一步调整为类似：

CREATE INDEX dbobjs_idx ON dbobjs (created) LOCAL

(PARTITION dbobjs_06 TABLESPACE users,

PARTITION dbobjs_07 TABLESPACE users

) TABLESPACE users;

4、通过统一的tablespace子句为索引指定表空间。

SQL> COL segment_name for a20

SQL> COL PARTITION_NAME for a20

SQL> SELECT segment_name, partition_name, tablespace_name

2 FROM dba_segments

3 WHERE segment_name = 'DBOBJS_IDX';

SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME

-------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------

DBOBJS_IDX DBOBJS_06 USERS

DBOBJS_IDX DBOBJS_07 USERS

SQL> insert into dbobjs

2 select object_id,object_name,created

3 from dba_objects where created

6227 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select count(*) from dbobjs partition (DBOBJS_06)；

COUNT(*)

----------

6154

SQL> select count(*) from dbobjs partition (dbobjs_07)；

COUNT(*)

----------

73

5、我们可以通过查询来对比一下分区表和非分区表的查询性能差异：

SQL> set autotrace on

SQL> select count(*) from dbobjs where created < to_date('01/01/2008','dd/mm/yyyy')；

COUNT(*)

----------

6227

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=9)

1 0 SORT (AGGREGATE)

2 1 PARTITION RANGE (ALL)

3 2 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'DBOBJS_IDX' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=2 Card=8 Bytes=72)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

0 recursive calls

0 db block gets

25 consistent gets

0 physical reads

0 redo size

380 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

503 bytes received via SQL*Net from client

2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

0 sorts (memory)

0 sorts (disk)

1 rows processed

SQL> select count(*) from dbobjs where created < to_date('01/01/2007','dd/mm/yyyy')；

COUNT(*)

----------

6154

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=9)

1 0 SORT (AGGREGATE)

2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'DBOBJS_IDX' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=2 Card=4 Bytes=36)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

0 recursive calls

0 db block gets

24 consistent gets

0 physical reads

0 redo size

380 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

503 bytes received via SQL*Net from client

2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

0 sorts (memory)

0 sorts (disk)

1 rows processed

SQL> select count(distinct(object_name)) from dbobjs where created < to_date('01/01/2007','dd/mm/yyyy')；

COUNT(DISTINCT(OBJECT_NAME))

----------------------------

4753

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=75)

1 0 SORT (GROUP BY)

2 1 TABLE ACCESS (BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID) OF 'DBOBJS' (Cost=1 Card=4 Bytes=300)

3 2 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'DBOBJS_IDX' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=2 Card=1)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

0 recursive calls

0 db block gets

101 consistent gets

0 physical reads

0 redo size

400 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

503 bytes received via SQL*Net from client

2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

1 sorts (memory)

0 sorts (disk)

1 rows processed

6、对于非分区表的测试：

SQL> CREATE TABLE dbobjs2

2 (object_id NUMBER NOT NULL,

3 object_name VARCHAR2(128)，

4 created DATE NOT NULL

5 )；

Table created.

SQL> CREATE INDEX dbobjs_idx2 ON dbobjs2 (created)；

Index created.

SQL> insert into dbobjs2

2 select object_id,object_name,created

3 from dba_objects where created

6227 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select count(distinct(object_name)) from dbobjs2 where created < to_date('01/01/2007','dd/mm/yyyy')；

COUNT(DISTINCT(OBJECT_NAME))

----------------------------

4753

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE

1 0 SORT (GROUP BY)

2 1 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'DBOBJS2'

3 2 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'DBOBJS_IDX2' (NON-UNIQUE)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

0 recursive calls

0 db block gets

2670 consistent gets

0 physical reads

1332 redo size

400 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

503 bytes received via SQL*Net from client

2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

1 sorts (memory)

0 sorts (disk)

1 rows processed

7、当增加表分区时，LOCAL索引被自动维护：

SQL> ALTER TABLE dbobjs

2 ADD PARTITION dbobjs_08 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01/01/2009', 'DD/MM/YYYY'))；

Table altered.

SQL> set autotrace off

SQL> COL segment_name for a20

SQL> COL PARTITION_NAME for a20

SQL> SELECT segment_name, partition_name, tablespace_name

2 FROM dba_segments

3 WHERE segment_name = 'DBOBJS_IDX';

SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME

-------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------

DBOBJS_IDX DBOBJS_06 USERS

DBOBJS_IDX DBOBJS_07 USERS

DBOBJS_IDX DBOBJS_08 EYGLE

SQL> SELECT segment_name, partition_name, tablespace_name

2 FROM dba_segments

3 WHERE segment_name = 'DBOBJS';

SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME

-------------------- -------------------- ------------------------------

DBOBJS DBOBJS_06 EYGLE

DBOBJS DBOBJS_07 EYGLE

DBOBJS DBOBJS_08 EYGLE