时间:2017.11.16
作者:李强
参考:man,info,magedu讲义
声明:以下英文纯属个人翻译,英文B级,欢迎纠正,盗版不纠,才能有限,希望不误人子弟为好。
1、使用目的与场景
先列在这里,以后就知道怎么用了
2、官方说明
an interface for configuring system authentication resources
3、写在前面
现在用authconfig --passalgo=sha256 --update 来更新加密算法
4、修改文件及涉及的环境变量/etc/sysconfig/authconfig
用于跟踪是否启用了特定的身份验证机制。目前包括变量名为 USESHADOW, USEMD5,
USEKERBEROS, USELDAPAUTH, USESMBAUTH, USEWINBIND,USEWINBINDAUTH、USEHESIOD、
USENIS、USELDAP等其他
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
Used for shadow password support.
/etc/yp.conf
Configuration file for NIS support.
/etc/sysconfig/network
Another configuration file for NIS support.
/etc/ldap.conf
/etc/nss_ldap.conf
/etc/pam_ldap.conf
/etc/nslcd.conf
/etc/openldap/ldap.conf
用于配置 nss_ldap、pam_ldap、nslcd 和 OpenLDAP 库。仅当经存在系统上的文件被更改。
/etc/krb5.conf 用于Kerberos 5.
/etc/hesiod.conf 用于配置Hesiod
/etc/samba/smb.conf 用于配置 winbind 身份验证
/etc/nsswitch.conf 用于配置用户信息服务
/etc/login.defs 用于配置用户帐户的参数 (常规用户的最小UID, 密码哈希算法)
/etc/pam.d/system-auth
用于系统服务的通用 PAM 配置,其中包括使用 include,指令只能被添加软链接不能被添加硬链接
/etc/pam.d/system-auth-ac
包含系统服务的实际 PAM 配置, 并且是/etc/pam.d/system-auth的符号链接
如果创建了PAM的本地配置 (并symlinked从system-auth文件),该文件就会被包含在那里。
5、用法NAME
系统验证资源配置的一个接口,authconfig-tui是简单的图形化配置界面,就好像setup一样的。
SYNOPSIS
authconfig
[options] {--update|--updateall|--test|--probe|--restorebackup
|--savebackup |--restorelastbackup}
DESCRIPTION
authconfig提供了一个简单的方式去配置 /etc/sysconfig/network去支持NIS功能,
也为/etc/passwd和/etc/shadow提供密码策略方面的支持,
同时也支持Basic LDAP, Kerberos 5, 和Winbind 客户端的配置。
--test参数的话,authconfig可以被除了root意外的用户使用,任何改变都不会被保存
只会被打印出来,看下效果。
--update参数的话,就必须是root权限用户,配置会被保存,仅仅修改的文件会被重新写入
--updateall参数的话,同上,但是所有的配置文件都会被修改
--probe 使用DNS或者其他的方式来猜测当前主机的配置,如果找到就通过STDOUT输出然后退出
--restorebackup --savebackup --restorelastbackup参数提供了保存和恢复被authconfg修改的
文件的可能,authconfig每次操作前也会自动备份配置文件信息,这个备份信息可以被
--restorelastbackup恢复
以下是一些options
如果指定了--nostart (这是安装程序所做的), ypbind 或其他守护进程将不会启动
或在程序执行后立即停止, 但只在启动时启用或停止。
--enablenis,--enableldap,--enablewinbind, 和--enablehesiod选项用于配置用户的信息服务
/etc/nsswitch.conf, --enablecache 选项用于配置命名服务缓存,
--enableshadow,--enableldapauth,--enablekrb5, --enablewinbindauth 选项用于配置
认证功能通过/etc/pam.d/system-auth。
每一个--enable都对应一个--disable选项
用于存储新密码哈希值的算法可以由 --passalgo 选项指定, 它采用
下列可能的值作为参数: descrypt、bigcrypt、md5、sha256 和 sha512。
--enablelocauthorize 选项允许绕过检查网络认证服务的授权
--enablesysnetauth 允许这些服务对系统帐户 (uid <500或者1000(centos7)) 进行身份验证。
当配置设置允许用户信息服务和身份验证使用 SSSD 时, SSSD将自动使用,而不是老的服务,
SSSD 配置将被设置, 所以有一个使用连接服务所需的设置填充的默认域。
--enablesssd和--enablesss 选项强制添加SSSD到/etc/nsswitch.conf and /etc/pam.d/system-auth,
但它们不设置SSSD 配置文件中的域。 SSSD配置必须手动设置。允许的配置SSSD 服务的配给是:
LDAP为用户信息(-enableldap)和任一LDAP(--enableldapauth),或 Kerberos(--enablekrb5)
进行身份验证。
如果 SSSD不支持站点配置所需的旧式服务的某些功能,
通过在/etc/sysconfig/authconfig中设置 FORCELEGACY=yes , 可以强制使用旧式服务。
在手册页中提到的选项列表不是详尽无遗的, 请参考 authconfig--help 完整的列表
authconfig--tui支持authconfig所有的选项,但它意味着--update作为默认操作。
它的窗口默认情况下包含"Cancel"按钮。如果在运行时指定了--back选项,则显示"Back"按钮而不是
"Cancel".如果指定了"--kickstart",将不会看到交互式屏幕。程序将使用的值将由其他选项
(-passalgo,-enableshadow, 等等)指定。
对于namelist,您可以用单个名称或逗号分隔的名称列表替换。
以下是authconfig --help 的完整optionsOptions:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--enableshadow, --useshadow
enable shadowed passwords by default
--disableshadow disable shadowed passwords by default
--enablemd5, --usemd5
enable MD5 passwords by default
--disablemd5 disable MD5 passwords by default
--passalgo=
hash/crypt algorithm for new passwords
--enablenis enable NIS for user information by default
--disablenis disable NIS for user information by default
--nisdomain= default NIS domain
--nisserver= default NIS server
--enableldap enable LDAP for user information by default
--disableldap disable LDAP for user information by default
--enableldapauth enable LDAP for authentication by default
--disableldapauth disable LDAP for authentication by default
--ldapserver=
default LDAP server hostname or URI
--ldapbasedn= default LDAP base DN
--enableldaptls, --enableldapstarttls
enable use of TLS with LDAP (RFC-2830)
--disableldaptls, --disableldapstarttls
disable use of TLS with LDAP (RFC-2830)
--enablerfc2307bis enable use of RFC-2307bis schema for LDAP user information lookups
--disablerfc2307bis disable use of RFC-2307bis schema for LDAP user information lookups
--ldaploadcacert=
load CA certificate from the URL
--enablesmartcard enable authentication with smart card by default
--disablesmartcard disable authentication with smart card by default
--enablerequiresmartcard
require smart card for authentication by default
--disablerequiresmartcard
do not require smart card for authentication by default
--smartcardmodule=
default smart card module to use
--smartcardaction=<0=Lock|1=Ignore>
action to be taken on smart card removal
--enablefingerprint enable authentication with fingerprint readers by default
--disablefingerprint disable authentication with fingerprint readers by default
--enablekrb5 enable kerberos authentication by default
--disablekrb5 disable kerberos authentication by default
--krb5kdc= default kerberos KDC
--krb5adminserver=
default kerberos admin server
--krb5realm= default kerberos realm
--enablekrb5kdcdns enable use of DNS to find kerberos KDCs
--disablekrb5kdcdns disable use of DNS to find kerberos KDCs
--enablekrb5realmdns enable use of DNS to find kerberos realms
--disablekrb5realmdns
disable use of DNS to find kerberos realms
--enablewinbind enable winbind for user information by default
--disablewinbind disable winbind for user information by default
--enablewinbindauth enable winbind for authentication by default
--disablewinbindauth disable winbind for authentication by default
--smbsecurity=
security mode to use for samba and winbind
--smbrealm= default realm for samba and winbind when security=ads
--smbservers=
names of servers to authenticate against
--smbworkgroup=
workgroup authentication servers are in
--smbidmaprange=, --smbidmapuid=, --smbidmapgid=
uid range winbind will assign to domain or ads users
--winbindseparator=
the character which will be used to separate the domain and user part of winbind-created user names if winbindusedefaultdomain is not enabled
--winbindtemplatehomedir=
the directory which winbind-created users will have as home directories
--winbindtemplateprimarygroup=
the group which winbind-created users will have as their primary group
--winbindtemplateshell=
the shell which winbind-created users will have as their login shell
--enablewinbindusedefaultdomain
configures winbind to assume that users with no domain in their user names are domain users
--disablewinbindusedefaultdomain
configures winbind to assume that users with no domain in their user names are not domain users
--enablewinbindoffline
configures winbind to allow offline login
--disablewinbindoffline
configures winbind to prevent offline login
--winbindjoin=
join the winbind domain or ads realm now as this administrator
--enableipav2 enable IPAv2 for user information and authentication by default
--disableipav2 disable IPAv2 for user information and authentication by default
--ipav2domain=
the IPAv2 domain the system should be part of
--ipav2realm= the realm for the IPAv2 domain
--ipav2server=
the server for the IPAv2 domain
--enableipav2nontp do not setup the NTP against the IPAv2 domain
--disableipav2nontp setup the NTP against the IPAv2 domain (default)
--ipav2join=
join the IPAv2 domain as this account
--enablewins enable wins for hostname resolution
--disablewins disable wins for hostname resolution
--enablepreferdns prefer dns over wins or nis for hostname resolution
--disablepreferdns do not prefer dns over wins or nis for hostname resolution
--enablehesiod enable hesiod for user information by default
--disablehesiod disable hesiod for user information by default
--hesiodlhs= default hesiod LHS
--hesiodrhs= default hesiod RHS
--enablesssd enable SSSD for user information by default with manually managed configuration
--disablesssd disable SSSD for user information by default (still used for supported configurations)
--enablesssdauth enable SSSD for authentication by default with manually managed configuration
--disablesssdauth disable SSSD for authentication by default (still used for supported configurations
--enableforcelegacy never use SSSD implicitly even for supported configurations
--disableforcelegacy use SSSD implicitly if it supports the configuration
--enablecachecreds enable caching of user credentials in SSSD by default
--disablecachecreds disable caching of user credentials in SSSD by default
--enablecache enable caching of user information by default (automatically disabled when SSSD is used)
--disablecache disable caching of user information by default
--enablelocauthorize local authorization is sufficient for local users
--disablelocauthorize
authorize local users also through remote service
--enablepamaccess check access.conf during account authorization
--disablepamaccess do not check access.conf during account authorization
--enablesysnetauth authenticate system accounts by network services
--disablesysnetauth authenticate system accounts by local files only
--enablemkhomedir create home directories for users on their first login
--disablemkhomedir do not create home directories for users on their first login
--nostart do not start/stop portmap, ypbind, and nscd
--test do not update the configuration files, only print new settings
--update, --kickstart
opposite of --test, update configuration files with changed settings
--updateall update all configuration files
--probe probe network for defaults and print them
--savebackup= save a backup of all configuration files
--restorebackup=
restore the backup of configuration files
--restorelastbackup restore the backup of configuration files saved before the previous configuration change