python的枚举和for循环_python学习笔记4---分支、循环、条件与枚举

表达式

表达式(Expression)是运算符(operator)和操作数(operand)所构成的序列

>>> 1 + 1

2

>>> a = [1,2,3]

>>> 1 + 1 + 1 + 1

4

>>> 1 + 2 * 3

7

>>> 1 * 2 + 3

5

>>> a = 1 + 2 * 3

>>> a = 1

>>> b = 2

>>> c = a and b or c

>>> c = int('1') + 2

运算符优先级

同级的运算符的优先级还是有区别的 比如逻辑运算符里的and的优先级大于or

>>> a = 1

>>> b = 2

>>> c = 3

>>> a + b * c

7

>>> 1 or 2

1

>>> 1 and 3

3

>>> a or b and c

1

>>> a or (b and c)

1

>>> a or 3

1

>>> (a or b) and c

3

>>> (a or b) and (c + 1) //两个括号同级，左结合

4

>>> a = 1

>>> b = 2

>>> c = a + b //出现赋值符号时，右结合

>>> print(c)

3

>>> c = a or b

>>> print(c)

1

>>> a = 1

>>> b = 2

>>> c = 2

>>> not a or b + 2 == c

False

>>> ((not a) or ((b + 2) == c)) //优先级：not > and > or

False

在文本文件中编写Python代码

python脚本是后缀名为.py的文件，通过命令行“python filename.py”执行

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注释

单行注释用#

多行注释用```

流程控制语句

主要有条件控制(if else)、循环控制(for while)、分支

条件控制(if else)

# encoding: utf-8

mood = False

if mood :

print('go to left')

# print('back away')

# print('back away')

else :

print('go to right')

a = 1

b = 2

c = 2

# if后面不仅可以是布尔值，还可以是表达式

if a or b + 1 == c :

print('go to left')

# print('back away')

# print('back away')

else :

print('go to right')

# encoding: utf-8

"""

一段小程序

"""

# constant 常量 建议全大写

ACCOUNT = 'hughie'

PASSWORD = '123456'

# python变量建议都用小写，用下划线分隔单词，不用驼峰命名

print('please input account')

user_account = input()

print('please input password')

user_password = input()

if ACCOUNT == user_account and PASSWORD == user_password:

print('success')

else:

print('fail')

# encoding: utf-8

# snippet 片段

if condition:

pass

else:

pass

a = True

if a:

# pass 空语句/占位语句

pass

else:

print('')

if True:

pass

if False:

pass

# 嵌套分支

if condition:

if condition:

pass

else:

pass

else:

if condition:

pass

else:

pass

# 代码块

if condition:

code1

code11

code22

code333

code444

code5555

code6666

code2

code3

else:

code1

code2

code3

改写为elif

# encoding: utf-8

"""

a = x

a = 1 print('apple')

a = 2 print('orange')

a = 3 print('banana')

print('shopping')

"""

a = input()

print('a is' + a)

if a == 1:

print('apple')

else:

if a == 2:

print('orange')

else:

if a == 3:

print('banana')

else:

print('shopping')

# 改写为elif

a = input()

print(type(a))

print('a is ' + a)

a = int(a)

if a == 1:

print('apple')

elif a == 2:

print('orange')

elif a == 3:

print('banana')

else:

print('shopping')

循环(while for)

# encoding: utf-8

# 循环

# 循环语句

# while for

# CONDITION = True

# while CONDITION:

# print('I am while')

counter = 1

# 递归常用while

while counter <= 10:

counter += 1

print(counter)

else:

print('EOF')

# encoding: utf-8

# 主要是用来遍历/循环 序列或者集合、字典

# a = ['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'grape']

# for x in a:

# print(x)

# a = [['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'grape'], (1, 2, 3)]

# for x in a:

# for y in x:

# # print(y, end='')

# print(y)

# else:

# print('fruit is gone')

# a = [1, 2, 3]

# for x in a:

# if x == 2:

# # break 遇到x==2的时候终止，打印出1

# # break

# # continue 遇到x==2的时候跳过，打印出1，3

# continue

# print(x)

# else:

# print('EOF')

a = [['apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'grape'], (1, 2, 3)]

for x in a:

# if 'banana' in x:

# break

for y in x:

if y == 'orange':

# 内部循环跳出后，外部循环还在执行

break

print(y)

else:

print('fruit is gone')

# encoding: utf-8

# for (i=0; i<10; i++){}

# 以上的for循环用python实现

# for x in range(0, 10):

# # range(0,10) 表示从0开始的10个数字，并不包含10

# print(x)

# for x in range(0, 10, 2):

# # range(0,10,2) 2表示步长

# print(x, end=' | ')

# # 打印结果：0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 |

for x in range(10, 0, -2):

print(x, end=' | ')

# 打印结果：10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 |

# encoding: utf-8

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

# for i in range(0, len(a), 2):

# print(a[i], end=' | ')

# 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 |

b = a[0:len(a):2]

print(b)

# [1, 3, 5, 7]