1.settimeout
console.log('script start')
setTimeout(() => {
console.log('setTimeout')
});
console.log('script end')
//执行顺序script start->script end->setTimeout
2.Promise
promise本身是同步的立即执行函数,当在executor中执行resolve或者reject的时候是异步操作,会先执行then/catch等,当主栈执行完之后,才会去调用resolve/reject中存放的方法执行。
console.log('script start')
let promise1=new Promise(function(resolve){
console.log('promise1')
resolve()
console.log('promise1 end')
}).then(function(){
console.log('promise2')
})
setTimeout(function(){
console.log('setTimeout')
});
console.log('script end')
//执行顺序script start->promise1->promise1 end->promise2->script end->setTimeout
3.async/await
async函数返回一个Promise对象,当函数执行的时候,一旦遇到await就会先返回,等到触发的异步操作完成,再执行函数体后面的语句,可以理解为,是让出了线程跳出了async函数体
await的含义为等待,也就是async函数需要等待await后的函数执行完成并且有了返回结果(Promise对象)之后,才能继续执行下面代码。await通过返回一个Promise对象来实现同步的效果。
async function async1(){
console.log('async1 start');
await async2();
console.log('async end');
}
async function async2(){
console.log('async2');
}
console.log('script start')
async1()
console.log('script end')
//执行顺序script start->async1 start->async2->async end->script end