Scrapy的spider（蜘蛛）基类源码

Scrapy的spider（蜘蛛）基类源码

一旦spider的子类被实例化，__ init __ 中的代码就会被执行，所以需要设定name和 star_url 两个属性。然而Spider 的子类被实例化后并不会马上被执行爬网，只有在 start_requests 被调用时，蜘蛛才会执行爬网。
如果想修改最初爬取某个网站的 REquests 对象，则可以重写（override）start_requests 函数。

"""
Base class for Scrapy spiders

See documentation in docs/topics/spiders.rst
"""
import logging
import warnings

from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.utils.trackref import object_ref
from scrapy.utils.url import url_is_from_spider
from scrapy.utils.deprecate import create_deprecated_class
from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
from scrapy.utils.deprecate import method_is_overridden


class Spider(object_ref):
    """
    Base class for scrapy spiders. All spiders must inherit from this
    class.
    """

    name = None
    custom_settings = None

    def __init__(self, name=None, **kwargs):
        if name is not None:
            self.name = name
        elif not getattr(self, 'name', None):
            raise ValueError("%s must have a name" % type(self).__name__)
        self.__dict__.update(kwargs)
        if not hasattr(self, 'start_urls'):
            self.start_urls = []

    @property
    def logger(self):
        logger = logging.getLogger(self.name)
        return logging.LoggerAdapter(logger, {'spider': self})

    def log(self, message, level=logging.DEBUG, **kw):
        """
        Log the given message at the given log level
        This helper wraps a log call to the logger within the spider, but you
        can use it directly (e.g. Spider.logger.info('msg')) or use any other
        Python logger too.
        """
        self.logger.log(level, message, **kw)

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
        spider = cls(*args, **kwargs)
        spider._set_crawler(crawler)
        return spider

    def set_crawler(self, crawler):
        warnings.warn("set_crawler is deprecated, instantiate and bound the "
                      "spider to this crawler with from_crawler method "
                      "instead.",
                      category=ScrapyDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
        assert not hasattr(self, 'crawler'), "Spider already bounded to a " \
                                             "crawler"
        self._set_crawler(crawler)

    def _set_crawler(self, crawler):
        self.crawler = crawler
        self.settings = crawler.settings
        crawler.signals.connect(self.close, signals.spider_closed)

    def start_requests(self):
        cls = self.__class__
        if method_is_overridden(cls, Spider, 'make_requests_from_url'):
            warnings.warn(
                "Spider.make_requests_from_url method is deprecated; it "
                "won't be called in future Scrapy releases. Please "
                "override Spider.start_requests method instead (see %s.%s)." % (
                    cls.__module__, cls.__name__
                ),
            )
            for url in self.start_urls:
                yield self.make_requests_from_url(url)
        else:
            for url in self.start_urls:
                yield Request(url, dont_filter=True)

    def make_requests_from_url(self, url):
        """ This method is deprecated. """
        return Request(url, dont_filter=True)

    def parse(self, response):
        raise NotImplementedError

    @classmethod
    def update_settings(cls, settings):
        settings.setdict(cls.custom_settings or {}, priority='spider')

    @classmethod
    def handles_request(cls, request):
        return url_is_from_spider(request.url, cls)

    @staticmethod
    def close(spider, reason):
        closed = getattr(spider, 'closed', None)
        if callable(closed):
            return closed(reason)

    def __str__(self):
        return "<%s %r at 0x%0x>" % (type(self).__name__, self.name, id(self))

    __repr__ = __str__

修改start_requests ，调用时以post 登录 ：

def start_requests (self):
    return [scrapy.FormRequest("http://www.wxample.com/login",
                               formadta = {'user':'jon','pass':'secret'},
                               callback = self.logged_in)]
'''
接收一个URL并返回用于爬取的requests对象。在初始化request时被start_requests()调用，
也被用于i转化url为request。
'''

通用蜘蛛

scrapy提供了4个通用的蜘蛛来处理一些普遍的爬取任务：
XMLFeedSpider —— 用于爬取XML文档格式的蜘蛛基类
CSVFeedSpider —— 用于CSV 文件的爬取
CrawlSpider —— 用于进行间接式爬取的蜘蛛
SitemapSpider —— 从Sitemap.xml文件跟进入网站进行深度爬网的蜘蛛