java接收请求_JAVA发送HttpClient请求及接收请求完整代码实例

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 21:17:42 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 21:17:42 发布

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文章标签： java接收请求

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39826089/article/details/114052629

版权

http://bijian1013.iteye.com/blog/2310211

在发送HTTP请求的时候会使用到POST和GET两种方式，如果是传送普通的表单数据，我们直接将参数到一个Key-value形式的Map中即可，随着JSON的应用越来越广，我们在很多场合需要传送JSON格式的参数。

下面我使用HttpClient类库提供的功能来实现这个，以便以后参考。

一.完善SpringMVC工程

完善SpringMVC工程(修改之前的Spring工程地址：http://bijian1013.iteye.com/blog/2307353)，使其不仅支持GET、POST两种方式的请求，且支持普通表单数据请求和JSON格式的两种请求数据，完整工程代码见附件《SpringMVC.zip》，日志相关的依赖jar包可直接从HttpClient.zip中获取到。

Java代码

@Controller

public class HelloController {

private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class);

@Autowired

private HelloService helloService;

@RequestMapping("/greeting")

public ModelAndView greeting(@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "World") String name) {

Map map = new HashMap();

try {

//由于浏览器会把中文直接换成ISO-8859-1编码格式,如果用户在地址打入中文,需要进行如下转换处理

String tempName = new String(name.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8");

logger.trace("tempName:" + tempName);

logger.info(tempName);

String userName = helloService.processService(tempName);

map.put("userName", userName);

logger.trace("运行结果:" + map);

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

logger.error("HelloController greeting方法发生UnsupportedEncodingException异常:" + e);

} catch (Exception e) {

logger.error("HelloController greeting方法发生Exception异常:" + e);

}

return new ModelAndView("/hello", map);

}

@RequestMapping(value="/processing", method = RequestMethod.POST)

public ModelAndView processing(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

Enumeration en = request.getParameterNames();

while (en.hasMoreElements()) {

String paramName = (String) en.nextElement();

String paramValue = request.getParameter(paramName);

}

String name = request.getParameter("name");

String age = request.getParameter("age");

UserDTO userDTO = new UserDTO();

userDTO.setName(name);

userDTO.setAge(Integer.valueOf(age));

logger.info("process param is :{}" + userDTO);

Map map = new HashMap();

try {

userDTO = helloService.processService(userDTO);

//返回请求结果

map.put("name", userDTO.getName());

map.put("age", userDTO.getAge());

} catch (Exception e) {

logger.info("请求处理异常:" + e);

}

return new ModelAndView("/user", map);

}

/**

* @responseBody表示该方法的返回结果直接写入HTTP response body中

* 一般在异步获取数据时使用，在使用@RequestMapping后，返回值通常解析为跳转路径

* 加上@responseBody后返回结果不会被解析为跳转路径，而是直接写入HTTP response body中。

* 比如异步获取json数据，加上@responsebody后，会直接返回json数据。

@ResponseBody

@RequestMapping(value="/greet",method = RequestMethod.GET)

public Map greet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,

@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "World") String name) {

Map map = null;

try {

//由于浏览器会把中文直接换成ISO-8859-1编码格式,如果用户在地址打入中文,需要进行如下转换处理

String tempName = new String(name.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8");

logger.trace("tempName:" + tempName);

logger.info(tempName);

String userName = helloService.processService(tempName);

map = new HashMap();

map.put("userName", userName);

logger.trace("运行结果:" + map);

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

logger.error("HelloController greet方法发生UnsupportedEncodingException异常:" + e);

} catch (Exception e) {

logger.error("HelloController greet方法发生Exception异常:" + e);

}

return map;

}

@ResponseBody

@RequestMapping(value="/process",method = RequestMethod.POST)

public String process(HttpServletRequest request, @RequestBody String requestBody) {

logger.info("process param is :{}" + requestBody);

JSONObject result = new JSONObject();

try {

JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(requestBody);

UserDTO userDTO = (UserDTO) JSONObject.toBean(jsonObject, UserDTO.class);

userDTO = helloService.processService(userDTO);

//返回请求结果

result.put("status", "SUCCESS");

result.put("userDTO", userDTO);

} catch (Exception e) {

logger.info("请求处理异常！ params is:{}", requestBody);

result.put("status", "FAIL");

}

return result.toString();

}

二.HttpClient请求普通的表单数据，返回HTML页面

Java代码

package com.bijian.study;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.Header;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpException;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethod;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

/**

* Http请求工具类

* 请求的是普通的表单数据，返回HTML页面

* 需要导入commons-codec-1.3.jar

public class HttpClientUtil {

/**

* httpClient的get请求方式

* @param url

* @param charset

* @return

* @throws Exception

public static String doGet(String url, String charset) throws Exception {

HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

GetMethod method = new GetMethod(url);

if (null == url || !url.startsWith("http")) {

throw new Exception("请求地址格式不对");

}

// 设置请求的编码方式

if (null != charset) {

method.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=" + charset);

} else {

method.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=" + "utf-8");

}

int statusCode = client.executeMethod(method);

if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {// 打印服务器返回的状态

System.out.println("Method failed: " + method.getStatusLine());

}

// 返回响应消息

byte[] responseBody = method.getResponseBodyAsString().getBytes(method.getResponseCharSet());

// 在返回响应消息使用编码(utf-8或gb2312)

String response = new String(responseBody, "utf-8");

System.out.println("------------------response:" + response);

// 释放连接

method.releaseConnection();

return response;

}

/**

* httpClient的get请求方式2

* @param url

* @param charset

* @return

* @throws Exception

public static String doGet2(String url, String charset) throws Exception {

* 使用 GetMethod 来访问一个 URL 对应的网页,实现步骤: 1:生成一个 HttpClinet 对象并设置相应的参数。

* 2:生成一个 GetMethod 对象并设置响应的参数。 3:用 HttpClinet 生成的对象来执行 GetMethod 生成的Get

* 方法。 4:处理响应状态码。 5:若响应正常，处理 HTTP 响应内容。 6:释放连接。

/* 1 生成 HttpClinet 对象并设置参数 */

HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();

// 设置 Http 连接超时为5秒

httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);

/* 2 生成 GetMethod 对象并设置参数 */

GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);

// 设置 get 请求超时为 5 秒

getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);

// 设置请求重试处理，用的是默认的重试处理：请求三次

getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());

String response = "";

/* 3 执行 HTTP GET 请求 */

try {

int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);

/* 4 判断访问的状态码 */

if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

System.err.println("Method failed: " + getMethod.getStatusLine());

}

/* 5 处理 HTTP 响应内容 */

// HTTP响应头部信息，这里简单打印

Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();

for (Header h : headers)

System.out.println(h.getName() + "------------ " + h.getValue());

// 读取 HTTP 响应内容，这里简单打印网页内容

byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();// 读取为字节数组

response = new String(responseBody, charset);

System.out.println("----------response:" + response);

// 读取为 InputStream，在网页内容数据量大时候推荐使用

// InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();

} catch (HttpException e) {

// 发生致命的异常，可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题

System.out.println("Please check your provided http address!");

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// 发生网络异常

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

/* 6 .释放连接 */

getMethod.releaseConnection();

}

return response;

}

/**

* 执行一个HTTP POST请求，返回请求响应的HTML

* @param url 请求的URL地址

* @param params 请求的查询参数,可以为null

* @param charset 字符集

* @param pretty 是否美化

* @return 返回请求响应的HTML

public static String doPost(String url, Map _params, String charset, boolean pretty) {

StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

PostMethod method = new PostMethod(url);

// 设置Http Post数据

if (_params != null) {

for (Map.Entry entry : _params.entrySet()) {

method.setParameter(entry.getKey(), String.valueOf(entry.getValue()));

}

// 设置Http Post数据方法二

// if(_params != null) {

// NameValuePair[] pairs = new NameValuePair[_params.size()];//纯参数了，键值对

// int i = 0;

// for (Map.Entry entry : _params.entrySet()) {

// pairs[i] = new NameValuePair(entry.getKey(), String.valueOf(entry.getValue()));

// i++;

// }

// method.addParameters(pairs);

// }

try {

client.executeMethod(method);

if (method.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

// 读取为 InputStream，在网页内容数据量大时候推荐使用

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(method.getResponseBodyAsStream(),

charset));

String line;

while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {

if (pretty)

response.append(line).append(System.getProperty("line.separator"));

else

response.append(line);

}

reader.close();

}

} catch (IOException e) {

System.out.println("执行HTTP Post请求" + url + "时，发生异常！");

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

method.releaseConnection();

}

System.out.println("--------------------" + response.toString());

return response.toString();

}

测试类HttpClientTest.java

Java代码

package com.bijian.study;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class HttpClientTest {

private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpRequestTest.class);

public static void main(String[] args) {

getRequestTest();

getRequestTest2();

postRequestTest();

}

private static void getRequestTest() {

String url = "http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greeting?name=lisi";

try {

String str = HttpClientUtil.doGet(url, "UTF-8");

if (str != null) {

logger.info("http Get request result:" + str);

} else {

logger.info("http Get request process fail");

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

private static void getRequestTest2() {

String url = "http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greeting?name=lisi";

try {

String str = HttpClientUtil.doGet2(url, "UTF-8");

if (str != null) {

logger.info("http Get request result:" + str);

} else {

logger.info("http Get request process fail");

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

private static void postRequestTest() {

String url = "http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/processing";

Map _params = new HashMap();

_params.put("name", "zhangshang");

_params.put("age", 25);

String str = HttpClientUtil.doPost(url, _params, "UTF-8", true);

if (str != null) {

logger.info("http Post request result:" + str);

} else {

logger.info("http Post request process fail");

}

三.HttpClient请求json数据返回json数据

Java代码

package com.bijian.study;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.net.URLDecoder;

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**

* Http请求工具类,发送json返回json

* 除了要导入json-lib-2.1.jar之外，还必须有其它几个依赖包：

* commons-beanutils.jar

* commons-httpclient.jar

* commons-lang.jar

* ezmorph.jar

* morph-1.0.1.jar

* 另外，commons-collections.jar也需要导入

public class HttpRequestUtil {

private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpRequestUtil.class);

/**

* 发送get请求

* @param url 路径

* @return

public static JSONObject httpGet(String url){

//get请求返回结果

JSONObject jsonResult = null;

try {

DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();

//发送get请求

HttpGet request = new HttpGet(url);

HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);

/**请求发送成功，并得到响应**/

if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

/**读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据**/

String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());

/**把json字符串转换成json对象**/

jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(strResult);

url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");

} else {

logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url);

}

} catch (IOException e) {

logger.error("get请求提交失败:" + url, e);

}

return jsonResult;

}

/**

* httpPost

* @param url 路径

* @param jsonParam 参数

* @return

public static JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam){

return httpPost(url, jsonParam, false);

}

/**

* post请求

* @param url url地址

* @param jsonParam 参数

* @param noNeedResponse 不需要返回结果

* @return

public static JSONObject httpPost(String url,JSONObject jsonParam, boolean noNeedResponse){

//post请求返回结果

DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();

JSONObject jsonResult = null;

HttpPost method = new HttpPost(url);

try {

if (null != jsonParam) {

//解决中文乱码问题

StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonParam.toString(), "utf-8");

entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");

entity.setContentType("application/json");

method.setEntity(entity);

}

HttpResponse result = httpClient.execute(method);

url = URLDecoder.decode(url, "UTF-8");

/**请求发送成功，并得到响应**/

if (result.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {

String str = "";

try {

/**读取服务器返回过来的json字符串数据**/

str = EntityUtils.toString(result.getEntity());

if (noNeedResponse) {

return null;

}

/**把json字符串转换成json对象**/

jsonResult = JSONObject.fromObject(str);

} catch (Exception e) {

logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);

}

} catch (IOException e) {

logger.error("post请求提交失败:" + url, e);

}

return jsonResult;

}

测试类HttpRequestTest.java

Java代码

package com.bijian.study;

import org.slf4j.Logger;

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;

import com.bijian.study.dto.UserDTO;

/**

* Http请求测试类

public class HttpRequestTest {

private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpRequestTest.class);

public static void main(String[] args) {

getRequestTest();

postRequestTest();

}

private static void getRequestTest() {

String url = "http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greet?name=lisi";

JSONObject jsonObject = HttpRequestUtil.httpGet(url);

if(jsonObject != null) {

String userName = (String) jsonObject.get("userName");

logger.info("http Get request process sucess");

logger.info("userName:" + userName);

}else {

logger.info("http Get request process fail");

}

private static void postRequestTest() {

String url = "http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/process";

UserDTO userDTO = new UserDTO();

userDTO.setName("zhangshang");

userDTO.setAge(25);

JSONObject jsonParam = JSONObject.fromObject(userDTO);

JSONObject responseJSONObject = HttpRequestUtil.httpPost(url, jsonParam);

if(responseJSONObject != null && "SUCCESS".equals(responseJSONObject.get("status"))) {

JSONObject userStr = (JSONObject) responseJSONObject.get("userDTO");

userDTO = (UserDTO) JSONObject.toBean(userStr, UserDTO.class);

logger.info("http Post request process sucess");

logger.info("userDTO:" + userDTO);

}else {

logger.info("http Post request process fail");

}

完整的工程代码请下载附件《HttpClient.zip》。

四.补充说明

1.如果会出现异常：java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: net/sf/ezmorph/Morpher，原因是少了JAR包，造成类找不到，除了要导入JSON网站上面下载的json-lib-2.1.jar包之外，还必须有其它几个依赖包：

Text代码

commons-beanutils.jar

commons-httpclient.jar

commons-lang.jar

ezmorph.jar

morph-1.0.1.jar

2.@responseBody表示该方法的返回结果直接写入HTTP response body中。一般在异步获取数据时使用，在使用@RequestMapping后，返回值通常解析为跳转路径，加上@responseBody后返回结果不会被解析为跳转路径，而是直接写入HTTP response body中。比如异步获取json数据，加上@responsebody后，会直接返回json数据。

3.关于HttpClient的其它方面的学习使用，可以参考：http://www.iteblog.com/archives/1379。附件《httpclientutil.zip》就是从这里下载的。

4.在实际使用当中，我们可能需要随机变换请求数据，甚至随机请求不同的服务器，可以参考如下方式。

Java代码

public static void main(String arg[]) throws Exception {

while (true) {

String[] urlArray = {Constant.URL_1, Constant.URL_2};

int index = new Random().nextInt(2);

String requestUrl = urlArray[index];

System.out.println(requestUrl);

...

JSONObject jsonMsg = JSONObject.fromObject(obj);

String ret = HttpRequestUtil.doPost(requestUrl, jsonMsg);

System.out.println(ret);

Thread.sleep(50);

}

Constant.java

Java代码

public class Constant {

public static final String URL_1 = PropertiesFileUtil.getPropValue("url1", "config");

public static final String URL_2 = PropertiesFileUtil.getPropValue("url2", "config");

}

PropertiesFileUtil.java

Java代码

import java.util.ResourceBundle;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;

public final class PropertiesFileUtil {

public static String getPropValue(String keyName, String propsName) {

ResourceBundle resource = ResourceBundle.getBundle(propsName);

String value = resource.getString(keyName);

return value;

}

/**

* 获取配置文件中keyName对应的value

public static String getPropValue(String keyName, String propsName, String defaultValue) {

ResourceBundle resource = ResourceBundle.getBundle(propsName);

String value = resource.getString(keyName);

if (StringUtils.isEmpty(value)) {

value = defaultValue;

}

return value;

}

config.properties

Java代码

url1=http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greet?name=lisi

url2=http://127.0.0.1:8080/SpringMVC/greet?name=zhangshan

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java接收请求_JAVA发送HttpClient请求及接收请求完整代码实例

http://bijian1013.iteye.com/blog/2310211在发送HTTP请求的时候会使用到POST和GET两种方式，如果是传送普通的表单数据，我们直接将参数到一个Key-value形式的Map中即可，随着JSON的应用越来越广，我们在很多场合需要传送JSON格式的参数。下面我使用HttpClient类库提供的功能来实现这个，以便以后参考。一.完善SpringMVC工程完善Sp...
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